A demonstration that the observed neutrinos are not Majorana particles Abstract It is shown that Majorana neutrinos cannot couple vectorially to the neutral-current SU(2) L x U(1) gauge field of the standard model. The absence of physics beyond the standard model (in particular Higgs-field configurations which lead to Majorana mass terms) is not assumed for this argument. Since the existence of...

We consider quantum dynamical systems whose degrees of freedom are described by N × N matrices, in the planar limit N → ∞. Examples are gauge theories and the M(atrix)-theory of strings. States invariant under U(N) are 'closed strings', modelled by traces of products of matrices. We have discovered that the U(N)-invariant operators acting on both open and closed string states form a remarkable ...

Since our understanding of both general relativity and the standard model of elementary particles either with or without supersymmetry is based on singular La-grangians, whose associated Hamiltonian formalism requires Dirac-Bergmann theory of constraints[1], it is very difficult to identify which are the physical degrees of freedom to be used in the description and interpretation of the fundame...

Hypothetical interactions of Yukawaand power-types have been discussed actively in recent years (for a collection of references on this subject, see [1]). They may be considered as specific corrections to the classical gravitational force at small distances [2]. An alternative interpretation comes from the elementary particle physics. According to the unified gauge theories, supersymmetry and s...

A quantum knot model of mesons and baryons is established. This quantum knot model is derived from a quantum gauge model which is similar to the QCD gauge model. We first establish a knot model of the π mesons. We show that the π mesons are modeled by the prime knot 41 (which is assigned with the prime number 3). We show that the knot model of the π meson gives the strong interaction for the fo...