We calculate penguin contributions to the lifetime splitting between the Bs and the Bd meson. In the Standard Model the penguin effects are found to be opposite in sign, but of similar magnitude as the contributions of the current-current operators, despite of the smallness of the penguin coefficients. We predict τ(Bs) τ(Bd) − 1 = (−1.2± 10.0) · 10 · ( fBs 190MeV )2 , where the error stems from...

The fledging mass of penguin chicks can be an indicator of food availability and environmental conditions at a penguin colony. For the period 1989 to 2011, we analyzed predictor variables of environmental and food resource factors acting on multiple spatial scales near Palmer Station, Antarctica, that may influence the interannual variability in Adélie penguin chick fledging mass (CFM). To unde...

Penguin contributions, being not negligible in general, can hide the information on the CKM angle α coming from the measurement of the timedependent B0(t) → π+π− CP-asymmetry. Nevertheless, we show that this information can be summarized in a set of simple equations, expressing α as a multi-valued function of a single theoretically unknown parameter, which conveniently can be chosen as a well-d...

on a Relational Database1 Tetsuya Takahashi Arthur M. Keller Kobe Steel, Ltd. Stanford University Abstract We present the implementation of the query function for the Penguin system. Penguin is an object-oriented database system that supports multiple object views on a relational database. It enables many applications to share a database using di erent object schemata. Also, users can take quer...

Recent research has shown that infants as young as 13 months can attribute false beliefs to agents, suggesting that the psychological-reasoning subsystem necessary for attributing reality-incongruent informational states (Subsystem-2, SS2) is operational in infancy. The present research asked whether 18-month-olds' false-belief reasoning extends to false beliefs about object identity. Infants w...

In the study of two-body charmlessB decays as a mean of looking for direct CP-violation and measuring the CKM mixing parameters in the Standard Model, the short-distance penguin contribution with its absorptive part generated by charm quark loop seems capable of producing sufficient B → Kπ decays rates, as obtained in factorization and QCD-improved factorization models. However there are also l...

The mixing-induced CP asymmetries in Bd → J/ψKS and Bs → J/ψφ are essential to detect or constrain new physics in the Bd−Bd and Bs−Bs mixing amplitudes, respectively. To this end one must control the penguin contributions to the decay amplitudes, which affect the extraction of fundamental CP phases from the measured CP asymmetries. Although the “penguin pollution” is doubly Cabibbo-suppressed, ...

The b → d penguin amplitude receives contributions from internal u, c and t-quarks. We show that it is impossible to measure the weak phase of any of these penguin contributions without theoretical input. However, it is possible to obtain the weak phase if one makes a single assumption involving the hadronic parameters. With such an assumption, one can test for the presence of new physics in th...

We present estimates of the charming penguin contribution to B → Kπ, ππ,Kη,Kη decays due to intermediate charmed meson states. We find that this contribution is indeed significant for B → Kπ decays, and its inclusion, together with the tree and penguin terms, produces large branching ratios in agreement with data, though the analysis is affected by large theoretical uncertainties. On the other ...