The three-phase contact line formed by the intersection of a liquid-vapor interface of an electrolyte solution with a charged planar substrate is studied in terms of classical density functional theory applied to a lattice model. The influence of the substrate charge density and of the ionic strength of the solution on the intrinsic structure of the three-phase contact line and on the correspon...

We investigate the effects of an electric current on the width of a stationary reaction zone in an irreversible A(-)+B(+)-->C reaction-diffusion process. The ion dynamics of electrolytes A identical with (A(+),A(-)) and B identical with (B(+),B(-)) is described by reaction-diffusion equations obeying local electroneutrality and the stationary state is obtained by employing reservoirs of fixed e...

The solution of the associative mean-spherical approximation for iondipolar system is reinvestigated and expressed in terms of only five parameters. Three of them have counterparts in the case without association, and the other two are the monomer fractions of ions and dipoles. The explicit expressions for the thermodynamic quantities are represented in a simpler form. Numerical results for the...

A significantly improved apparatus for the isopiestic measurement of thermodynamic activities at elevated temperatures is described. Details of the new design and of an analysis of the propagation of the experimental errors are presented. The apparatus was tested by measurements of calcium chloride against sodium chloride at 353.15 K. Accuracies of better than 0.1% in the osmotic coefficient ar...

The transmembrane electrical potential (TMEP) in a forward osmosis membrane process with a single electrolyte solution as the draw and feed solutions was investigated by experiments. The effects of membrane orientation, the electrolyte species (KCl, NaCl, MgCl2, and CaCl2), concentration and concentration ratio of solutions at both sides of membrane on water flux and TMEP were investigated. The...

DESCRIPTION Intravenous solutions with heparin sodium (derived from porcine intestinal mucosa) are sterile, nonpyrogenic fluids for intravenous administration. Each 100 mL contains heparin sodium 4,000 or 5,000 USP Heparin Units; dextrose, hydrous 5 g; citric acid, anhydrous 51 mg and dibasic sodium phosphate, anhydrous 103 mg added as buffers; sodium metabisulfite added, 20 mg as an antioxidan...

Absorption of electrolytes and water from the human rectum was quantified by sequential sampling of physiological solutions instilled into the rectum and by the method of continuous intraluminal perfusion. The absorptive function of the rectum measured by the perfusion technique was also compared with that of the entire large intestine. The rectum did not absorb sodium, chloride, or water from ...

Density functional theory is used to describe electrolyte solutions in contact with electrodes of planar or spherical shape. For the electrolyte solutions, we consider the so-called civilized model, in which all species present are treated on equal footing. This allows us to discuss the features of the electric double layer in terms of the differential capacitance. The model provides insight in...

Like-charged macroions in aqueous electrolyte solution can attract each other because of the presence of inter- and/or intramolecular correlations. Poisson-Boltzmann theory is able to predict attractive interactions if the spatially extended structure (which reflects the presence of intramolecular correlations) of the mobile ions in the electrolyte is accounted for. We demonstrate this for the ...

The dielectric properties of sodium chloride solutions confined in a hydrophilic nanocavity were investigated by means of molecular dynamics simulations. Unlike what is observed in the bulk phase, three dielectric regimes were evidenced, namely an anomalous increase in the dielectric permittivity at low concentrations (with respect to confined pure water), a dielectric plateau at intermediate c...