This paper describes a technique for achieving a compact aqueous spray that incorporates CO2 into the spray at low temperatures (T < 10 °C) and high pressures (P > 10 MPa). A high-pressure spray apparatus was used to explore the effects of temperature (4-25 °C), nominal CO2 mole fraction (0-0.12), in-line filter pore size (0.5-7 μm), and additives on the high-pressure (12-19 MPa) water spray pa...

A fully automatic spray-LBL machine with monitoring the real time growth of multilayer films using Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) techniques was newly developed. We established fully automatic spray layer-by-layer method by precisely controlling air pressure, solution flow, and spray pattern. The movement pattern towards the substrate during solution spraying allowed fabrication of a nano-sc...

Liquid fuel injection and atomization have a significant influence on the combustion and emission characteristics of diesel engines. Using x-ray radiography, it is possible to obtain quantitative and time-resolved data in the primary breakup region close to the injector nozzle. However, most previous studies on model validations have employed optical measurements that are not applicable in this...

In present study, spray-dried sourdough was produced using a pilot scale spray dryer and the physico-chemical and microbial characteristics of the obtained sourdough powder were investigated. The application of the spray-dried sourdough at different levels (3%, 6%, 9% and 15%) in breadmaking was also evaluated. Bulk density, wettability and suspensibility of the sourdough powder were 0.6 g/cm(3...

UNLABELLED The effect of Sb spray time on the structure of InAs/GaAs quantum dot (QD) systems with Sb spray prior to the capping of a GaAs layer was determined by a Raman scattering study. The Raman spectra of the InAs/GaAs system show two phonon signal bands related to interface (IF) defects, located at the low-energy side of InAs QDs and GaAs cap layer main phonon peaks, respectively. The int...

In recent years, x-ray radiography has been used to probe the internal structure of dense sprays. Quantitative measurements of spray mass distribution have been obtained on microsecond time scales and with spatial resolution of 15 μm even in high-pressure environments. These data have been difficult or impossible to obtain with conventional optical diagnostics. A limitation to these measurement...

L-menthol stimulates cutaneous thermoreceptors and induces cool sensations improving thermal comfort, but has been linked to heat storage responses; this could increase risk of heat illness during self-paced exercise in the heat. Therefore, L-menthol application could lead to a discrepancy between behavioral and autonomic thermoregulatory drivers. Eight male participants volunteered. They were ...

In this study, spray drying from aqueous solutions, using the surface-active agent sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) as a solubilizer, was explored as a production method for co-amorphous simvastatin-lysine (SVS-LYS) at 1:1 molar mixtures, which previously have been observed to form a co-amorphous mixture upon ball milling. In addition, a spray-dried formulation of SVS without LYS was prepared. Energ...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Chlorhexidine (CHX) spray has proven to be an easily applicable method for the chemical control of plaque in elderly and handicapped patients. A randomized double-blind cross-over placebo-controlled trial was undertaken to compare the effects of 0.2% CHX spray applied once or twice daily on the plaque and gingival indexes in 13 institutionalized elderly patients. METHOD The st...

Screwworm flies, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), were fed on honey and spray dried egg product; honey, molasses, and spray dried egg product; honey and spray dried meat protein; as well as on a control diet of honey and horsemeat, which is the standard diet used for screwworm adult colony in the mass-rearing facility. In general, the weight of eggs laid by females fed on the diet of spray d...