1 Background The Japanese government is conducting electricity system reform in stages and plans to complete this reform by 2020. Historically, all electricity related services in Japan have been overseen by regional monopolistic entities. After the reform is completed, both the wholesale and retail electricity markets will be perfectly competitive, as in most countries in the EU, and many stat...

the spanish turbot aquaculture sector holds a top position in the international market. thisactivity is mainly developed along the galician coast (nw spain). this article evaluates the environmentalperformance of galician turbot aquaculture according to the life cycle assessment (lca) methodology.previously, on account of the expected relevance of feed for aquaculture, marine aquafeed productio...

the issue of the property of computer data is veryimportant in different sciences such as religiousjurisprudence, law, economy and even computer science.the proof for the property of such data can have someeffects as well as civil and criminal acts. the nature ofthese data and their property require essential explanation.in this study, computer data is defined and then, it iscompared with diffe...

computer anxiety as a kind of state anxiety that refer to “the negative emotional and cognitive reactions in some people that occur during work with the computer” and maybe considered as a challenge to their capabilities. in the present study, computer anxiety and positive and negative attitudes to it were examinated among undergraduate students of kangavar payam-e-noor university. this descrip...

background and aim: patients who receive hemodialysis need effective education in order to maintain their health. one of the effective methods for education is computer-assisted education. the aim of this study was to compare the impacts of computer-assisted multimedia education and traditional method on clinical parameters of patients receiving hemodialysis. methods: in this interventional stu...

The Energy Issues Working Group on Long-Term Visions for Fusion Power considered the following four questions: 1. What is the projected market for electrical energy production in the next century? 2. What is fusion's potential for penetrating the energy market in the next century? 3. Is there a potential role for advanced fusion fuels? 4. What is fusion's potential for applications other than c...

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the real–time trading of electricity. We address a model for an auction–like trading which captures key features of the real–world electricity markets. Our main result establishes that, under certain conditions, the expected total payment to the electricity producers is independent on particular auction type. This result is analogous to the revenue equiva...

The ever-increasing operational cost of geographically distributed datacenters has become a critical issue for cloud service providers. In order to cut the electricity cost of geographically distributed datacenters, several workload management schemes have been proposed, such as Electricity price-aware InteR-datacenter load balancing (EIR), which reduces the electricity cost of active servers b...

The deregulation of electricity markets has led to higher uncertainty in electricity prices. Electricity, as a commodity, differs from other commodities and financial assets as it is not storable. Among the consequences of this non-storability restriction, the most conspicuous one is the presence of large spikes in electricity prices. Another outcome of the non-storability of electricity is tha...

Abstract I n this paper we investigated total energy consumption and its individual forms (oil, natural gas, electricity, renewable energies and coal) relationship with real gross domestic product (GDP) in Iran. We employed Hsiao’s (1981) methodology and annual data which cover 1967-2010 for investigation. The empirical findings indicate there is bidirectional causality ef...