The aberration of a multipole Wien filter for energy-filtered x-ray photoemission electron microscopy was analyzed and the optimized Fourier components of the electric and magnetic fields for the third-order aperture aberration corrections were obtained. It was found that the third-order aperture aberration correction requires 12 electrodes and magnetic poles.

We evaluate the electric and magnetic polarizabilities of charged pions in the framework of chiral perturbation theory at next–to–leading order. This requires a two– loop evaluation of the Compton amplitude near threshold. We estimate the two new low–energy constants which enter the chiral expansion at this order with resonance saturation. The numerical results are compared with presently avail...

In this paper, a differential cyclic analog-to-digital converter based in switched-capacitor techniques is presented. This approach allows a reduced die size and achieves a higher precision, making this circuit suitable to low speed measurements, such electric energy meter systems where a minimum sampling rate of 1,200 samples per second is required for 2-channel systems (single-phase) and 7,60...

The development of energy harvesting devices with piezoelectric transducers has been widely studied in the last decade. Most of previous studies considered a resonant cantilever beam with an attached tip mass and focused on the proper modeling of the cantilever device, design and optimization of electric harvesting circuit and nonlinear amplification of resonant vibration amplitude. However, fe...

When these diodes are exposed to photons of energy greater than 1.12 eV (wavelength less than 1100 nm) electron-hole pairs (carriers) are created. These photogenerated carriers are separated by the p-n junction electric field and a current proportional to the number of electron-hole pairs created flows through an external circuit. For the majority of XUV photons, about 3.7 eV energy is required...

hydrogen technology is becoming ever more relevant because hydrogen use can help containinggreenhouse gas emission if co2 capture and storage techniques are implemented in the hydrogen productiontechnology (when hydrogen is produced from fossil fuels). for this reason this work aims at carryingout a comparative analysis of possible energy scenarios in urban districts: a medium-small italian cit...

Electron acceleration by fast magnetic reconnection in extragalactic jets is considered. A significant threedimensional magnetic field is assumed in the reconnecting current sheet where the particles are accelerated by the DC electric field. The character of electron orbits in the sheet is controled by the magnetic field that determines, in particular, the electron acceleration lengths < 10−2 p...

In the theory of energy and momentum relaxation in semiconductor devices, the introduction of two temperatures and two mean velocities for electron and phonons is required. A new model, based on an asymptotic procedure for solving the kinetic equations of electrons and phonons is proposed, which naturally gives the displaced Maxwellian at the leading order. After that, balance equations for the...

Degenerate perturbation theory is used to study dipole susceptibilities of an excited helium atom in an external electric field. The dependence of the perturbed energy of levels in atoms on fine-structure effects and on the higher-order Stark effect is investigated. Numerical results have been obtained for the (1s3p) P0 and (1s3p) P2 states of helium. The magnitude of the electric field and the...

Today, many hybrid electric vehicles have been developed in order to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels; unfortunately these vehicles require electrochemical batteries to store energy, with high costs as well as poor conversion efficiencies. By integrating flywheel hybrid systems, these drawbacks can be overcome and can potentially replace battery powered hybrid vehicles cost effectively. T...