We conducted an experimental study on the breakdown process of oil shale by high-voltage power frequency electric heating in-situ pyrolyzing (HVF) technology to examine impact mechanisms field intensity, initial temperature, and moisture content a breakdown, using Huadian samples. A thermal occurred when intensity was between 100 180 V/cm. The greater easier lower energy consumption. critical t...

[1] Recent experimental and modeling studies show that large quasi-static electric fields (2–20 kV/m) can be developed in a Martian or terrestrial dust devil as a result of contact electrification and charge separation of dust grains with different sizes and compositions. Electric discharging occurs when the maximum electric field reaches breakdown values ( 20 kV/m on Mars and 3 MV/m on Earth, ...

A gravitational scenario is proposed where the euclidean action is invariant under the isotropic and homogeneous version of the euclidean U(1) group of local transformations of the scale factor and scalar matter field, interpreting the trace of the second fundamental form as the gauge field. The model allows spontaneous breakdown of some involved symmetries, including possibly diffeomorphism in...

This work deals with the influence of parameters working fluid (hydrostatic pressure, temperature, electrical conductivity) and geometry electrode system (the length interelectrode gap uninsulated part anode) on pre-breakdown characteristics an electric discharge in a liquid aqueous electrolyte (breakdown voltage breakdown delay time) minimum charging voltage, which provides stable high-voltage...

This study explains the breakdown mechanism in different triggered spark gap switches. Two different trigger electrode configurations are tested for the switch predischarge operation in a nitrogen laser circuit. The behavior of the breakdown voltage, when a trigger pulse is applied to the trigger electrode, is investigated, and the results are reported. Based on the experimental measurements ne...

Abstract In this paper, the electron emission from a nanostructured tungsten surface was investigated. A method for measuring an extremely low current (10 ?12 – 10 ?14 A) has been tested. It made possible to reduce effect of electric field on sample and minimize probability spontaneous breakdowns. For detailed study fuzz, point anode (diameter 90 ?m) used. Field enhancement factor (? = 2000 300...

We performed gate ramp voltage stress on III-V InGaAs based MOSFETs. Stress induces trapped charge and it also leads to interface trap generation, which has detrimental effects on the subthreshold slope and on the transconductance. At high electric fields, before the hard breakdown, a very lowfrequency high-current random telegraph noise appears at the gate, which seems to be not correlated wit...

Intralevel Time Dependent Dielectric Breakdown (TDDB) was studied in interdigitated comb structures comprised of standard Cu metallization and a low-k interlevel dielectric. The failure distribution was found to be best represented as being lognormal with sigma increasing as the field decreased. Kinetic studies revealed an exponential dependence on the electric field that fits 1/E closer than –...

The main effects which limit accelerating gradient in CLIC (Compact Linear Collider) main linac accelerating structures are RF breakdown and pulsed surface heating. Recent highlights of the structure development program are presented, including demonstration of higher accelerating gradients using tungsten and a complete redesign of the CLIC main linac accelerating structure, based on reduced su...

This letter describes a method to analyze electromechanical stability of dielectric elastomer actuators. We write the free energy of an actuator using stretches and nominal electric displacement as generalized coordinates, and pre-stresses and voltage as control parameters. When the Hessian of the free-energy function ceases to be positive-definite, the actuator thins down drastically, often re...