Abstract The meridional overturning circulation consists of an upper and lower cell. Southern Ocean Biogeochemical Divide (SOBD) is the boundary between two cells in surface Ocean, but its location poorly constrained. Localizing SOBD important because biological nutrient utilization north south have fundamentally different consequences for global ocean primary production carbon sequestration. H...

A stratified bottom Ekman layer over a nonsloping, rough surface is studied using a three-dimensional unsteady large eddy simulation to examine the effects of an outer layer stratification on the boundary layer structure. When the flow field is initialized with a linear temperature profile, a three-layer structure develops with a mixed layer near the wall separated from a uniformly stratified o...

Trichodesmium abundance was elevated in certain cyclonic and anticyclonic eddiesEnhancement in cyclonic eddies could be driven by Ekman convergenceAnticyclonic eddies with elevated abundance were anomalously fresh.

Understanding the mechanisms of regional steric sea level variability is fundamental to understand recorded by satellite altimetry for years and insure that future projections made climate models are realistic. Here, we first develop a novel method based on variance budget allows detect sources sinks variability. Using “Estimating Circulation Climate Ocean” (ECCO V4) state estimate, then show i...

Many state-of-the-art climate models do not simulate the Atlantic Water (AW) layer in Arctic Ocean realistically enough to address question of future Atlantification and its associated feedback. Biases concerning AW are commonly related insufficient resolution excessive mixing ocean component as well unrealistic Atlantic-Arctic exchange. Based on sensitivity experiments with FESOM1.4, ocean–sea...

Time-space fluctuations of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) within the region off central-southern Chile (33–42°S), and their association with meteorological-oceanographic conditions, were analyzed using satellite time series data (2002–2012). The mean distribution of moderate values of Chl-a (~0.5 mg∙m −3 ) in the northern section (33–38°S) extended out to ~200 km of the coast whereas they were restricte...

The oscillatory nature of El Ni~ no-Southern Oscillation results from an intricate superposition of near-equilibrium balances and out-of-phase disequilibrium processes between the ocean and the atmosphere. The main objective of the present work is to perform an exhaustive spatiotemporal analysis of the upper ocean heat budget in an ensemble of state-of-the-art ocean assimilation products. We pu...

Estimates of circulation rates within the mixed layer of the ocean have been made based on aerial photographs of a variety of dye injections and floating cards in the surface and near-surface levels under different wind, sea state, and thermal profile conditions. The following are the main features derived from our studies of the circulation patterns in the mixing layer in the Bermuda area. (1)...