This study investigated ego developmental differences in adolescent academic orientations and academic achievement. A sample of 142 male and female high school students completed the Washington University Sentence Completion Test and self-report measures assessing academic locus of control, learning orientation (LO), and grade orientation (GO). With increasing ego development, adolescents demon...

The ego is “in between” the consciousness and the unconscious and partakes of both. Consciousness can be expanded or constricted. But “consciousness constitutes only a very small part of the total psyche” Consciousness is orientated towards outward reality. Jung writes, “By the ego I understand a complex of representations which constitutes the centre of my field of consciousness and appears to...

-The aim of this research was to compare the ego strength of addicted and non addicted people. The sample size of 200 men (100 addicts+ 100 non addicts) living in Karaj and Tehran cities of Islamic Republic of Iran that was selected through the availability sampling. To collect data, a 52-item BESS (Barrons ego strength scale) questionnaire was used. Averages and t test were applied as statisti...

Purpose The present study attempted to establish the causal status between optimism and executive functioning (selfregulation). Repeated acts of self-control draw from a limited general resource which, upon depletion, results in reduced capacity for continued self-regulation, a process termed ego depletion (Baumeister, Bratslavsky, Muraven, & Tice, 1998). The present study investigated whether:...

Four investigations were completed to develop a self-report measure of ego-identity status. Following James Marcia's definition of diffusion, moratorium, foreclosure, and identity achievement status, a series of Likert-type items were constructed and validated for use in the study of ego-identity formation. Convergent-divergent, concurrent, and predictive validity and test-retest reliability ar...

Ego identity defined as a fundamental element of a person and as self-continuum, mental andinward image that an individual has about him or herself. This subject investigated in contemporary world, amply.For actualizing and testing this concept, four bases including achievement, moratorium, foreclosure and diffusionintroduced and based on this framework, and the effect of different factors on e...

1. Introduction. The methodology and results described in this paper relate to research for the Alter Ego project (Wright et al., 2005), an art/science collaboration that led to a publicly accessible interactive installation which has been shown in museums and galleries nationally. In essence, a 3D image of the autonomous 'alter ego' of the user is created as a mirror reflection in real time. I...