T2A-1 is a newly developed transgenic rice that expresses a synthesized cry2Aa gene driven by the maize ubiquitin promoter. T2A-1 exhibits high resistance against lepidopteran pests of rice. The brown planthopper, Nilapavarta lugens (Stål), is a main nontarget sap-sucking insect pest of rice, and Cyrtorhinus lividipennis (Reuter) is the major predator of the eggs and young nymphs of planthopper...

BACKGROUND Rickettsia conorii conorii is the etiological agent of Mediterranean spotted fever, which is transmitted by the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus. The relationship between the Rickettsia and its tick vector are still poorly understood one century after the first description of this disease. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS An entomological survey was organized in Algeria to co...

The predatory bug, Orius laevigatus (Fieber, 1860) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), is an important biological control agent and widely used for augmentative of the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande, 1895 (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in greenhouse crops. This bug generally reared using Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella Zeller, 1879 (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). aim this ...

This study was conducted to obtain information on the cold hardiness of the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), in Florida and to assess upper and lower temperature thresholds for oviposition. The psyllid is an important pest in citrus because it transmits the bacterial pathogens responsible for citrus greening disease, Huanglongbing, considered the most seri...

linguatula serrata is one of the important zoonotic parasites. carnivores serve as definitive host. the larvae existed in mesenteric lymph nodes (mlns), liver, lungs, etc of intermediate herbivores. the definitive host becomes infected by ingesting viscera containing the infective nymphal stage. humans may be infected with linguatula either by ingestion of nymphs resulting in a condition called...

This is the first field study in which we have tested efficacy of four different entomopathogenic fungal (EPF) formulations together single study—i.e., Green Muscle, Guard, Metarhizium anisopliae, and an isolate Beauveria bassiana (isolate WG-11)—against nymphs adults desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria Forskål (Orthoptera: Acrididae). We conducted several studies: (a) lethal bioassay against ...

Synganglia, salivary gland, midgut, ovary, fat body and muscle alone and in combination from the ixodid tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Say), or the argasid tick, Ornithodoros parkeri Cooley, were incubated in vitro in separate experiments with L-[methyl-(3)H]methionine and farnesoic acid or with [1-(14)C]acetate. Life stages examined in D. variabilis were 3 and 72 h old (after ecdysis) unfed nym...

Synganglia, salivary gland, midgut, ovary, fat body and muscle alone and in combination from the ixodid tick, Dennacentor variabilis (Say), or the argasid tick, Omithodoros parkeri Cooley, were incubated in vitro in separate experiments with L-[methyl-3H]methionine and farnesoic acid or with [1-14C]acetate. Life stages examined in D. variabilis were 3-72 hold (after eclosion) unfed nymphs, part...

The influence of parasites on host reproduction has been widely studied in natural and experimental conditions. Most studies, however, have evaluated the parasite impact on female hosts only, neglecting the contribution of males for host reproduction. This omission is unfortunate as sex-dependent infection may have important implications for host-parasite associations. Here, we evaluate for the...