AIM The objectives were to study the morphology of the foramen magnum in dry skulls and to evaluate its antero-posterior diameter, transverse diameter and the foramen magnum index. MATERIAL AND METHODS The foramen magna of 53 dry human cadaver skulls that were obtained from the neuroanatomy laboratory were examined. Different shapes of the foramen magnum were macroscopically n...

Islands are viewed as natural evolutionary laboratories for terrestrial organisms because they have boundaries that limit dispersal and often reveal evolutionary patterns and mechanisms. One such pattern is that the smallest and largest species of different types of tetrapod animals are frequently found on islands. Here I describe two new diminutive species of snakes of the genus Leptotyphlops ...

Errors in determining triage criteria can endanger patient safety so the cause must be addressed. But it is not yet known accuracy of and mistriage. This study aims to identify level gravity Emergency Severity Index (ESI) system evaluate causes mistriage Department (ED). Descriptive research with retrospective review was conducted for 20 days which were randomly selected between January 1st Dec...

The present study was conducted to evaluate the responses of Tamoxifen (TAM) administration on sexual maturity, productive and reproductive performance and blood parameters in two local juvenile female strains. Ninety females from each of Gimmizah and Bandarah strains at four weeks of age were divided into three equal groups involving 30 chicks per each and injected intramuscularly with TAM twi...

Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) are linear, highly negatively charged polysaccharides that may perform an important role in biomineralization. GAG were isolated from chicken eggshell membranes and calcified shells. Disaccharide compositional analysis was performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. All 4 groups of GAG - hyaluronan (HA), keratan sulfate (KS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and h...

The Economic Security Index: A New Measure for Research and Policy Analysis This paper presents the Economic Security Index (ESI), a new, more comprehensive measure of economic insecurity. By combining data from multiple surveys, we create an integrated measure of volatility in available household resources, accounting for fluctuations in income and out-of-pocket medical expenses, as well as fi...

This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary supplementation olive leaf extract (OLE), eggshell with membrane (ESM), and ESM that absorbed OLE (OLE+ESM) on performance, egg quality, biochemical, bone parameters in laying Japanese quail. A total 112 quail, being 45-day-old, were divided into 4 groups replicates. The quail fed four diets: i) basal diet ii) supplemented 400 ppm iii...