Scatter-hoarding animals spread out cached seeds to reduce density-dependent theft of their food reserves. This behaviour could lead to directed dispersal into areas with lower densities of conspecific trees, where seed and seedling survival are higher, and could profoundly affect the spatial structure of plant communities. We tested this hypothesis with Central American agoutis and Astrocaryum...

am grateful to Jagdish Bhagwati for numerous discussions that shaped my thinking on the subject matter of this paper and to two anonymous reviewers for excellent comments on an earlier version of the paper. What trade policy initiatives can the rich countries such as the United States take to assist the poor countries in improving their growth prospects and achieving faster alleviation of pover...

Studies of tree regeneration following forest fires along the Colorado Front Range offer valuable insights into how climate change could be influencing conifer seedling establishment statewide. While the relatively hotter and drier conditions observed along the Front Range may not be enough to lethally damage mature trees, there is a strong potential that these novel conditions could prevent th...

Surgical management of vitiligo is considered an excellent terapeutic option for recalcitrant cases, provided the disease is stable and there is absence of Koebner phenomenom. Among surgical modalities, Suction Blister Epidermal Graft is a low cost and effective option (65 to 100% repigmentation can be achieved in up to 80% of patients). We describe how it can be optimized by using an alternati...

1 Multiple factors are known to influence tree seedling establishment, yet the degree to which these factors depend on each other and on spatial context is largely unknown. We examined the influence of herbaceous competition and water and nitrogen limitations on tree seedling establishment as functions of distance from trees (within-site spatial context) and site history (between-site spatial c...

Naturally regenerated seedlings of longleaf pine are typically observed to cluster in the center of tree fall canopy gaps and be encircled by a wide zone from which they are generally excluded. Twelve representative canopy gaps distributed across 600 ha of a naturally regenerated uneven-aged longleaf pine forest in the sandhills of north central Florida were examined to determine which abovegro...

Objective: Autologous osteochondral transplantation (OCT) is an option to treat articular cartilage defects. However, poor graft integration at the cartilage defect/graft interface and secondary graft degeneration limit the use of autologous OCT. Cell sheet engineering offers hope in regenerative medicine. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of synovium derived mesenchymal stem...