Excitons are pairs of electrons and holes bound together by the Coulomb interaction. At low temperatures, excitons can form a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), enabling macroscopic phase coherence and superfluidity1,2. An electronic double layer (EDL), in which two parallel conducting layers are separated by an insulator, is an ideal platform to realize a stable exciton BEC. In an EDL under stron...

We have investigated the electrical double layer (EDL) structure at an interface between ionic liquid (IL) and charged surface using molecular dynamics simulations. We show that for three different models of ILs the EDL restructuring, driven by surface charging, can be rationalized by the use of two parameters--renormalized surface charge (κ) and charge excess in the interfacial layers (λ). Ana...

The adoptions of e-business, e-service, emanagement, and e-process in enterprises are accelerating across all the industrial and business sectors around the world. Correspondingly, an integrated plant-wide information system for manufacturers becomes fundamental to their continuous successes when customers are able to place orders of products and/or services via the Internet. But the lack of an...

The effects of chronically increasing (creatine-fed) or decreasing (beta-guanidinopropionic acid [beta-GPA]-fed) high-energy phosphates for up to 8 weeks on daily voluntary activity levels, swimming endurance capacity, electromyogram (EMG) activity, and the morphological and metabolic properties of single fibers in the soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles in young rats were determ...

This experiment was designed to test the hypothesis that in the presence of regenerating nerve fibers long-term denervated skeletal muscle does not become reinnervated. This hypothesis was tested in rats by the transplantation of 22-month denervated extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles into the sites of EDL muscles in the contralateral, normally innervated legs. Two months after transplantat...

OBJECTIVE Interleukin-6 (IL-6) directly activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in vivo and in vitro; however, the mechanism by which it does so is unknown. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We examined this question in skeletal muscle using an incubated rat extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle preparation as a tool. RESULTS AMPK activation by IL-6 coincided temporally with a nearly three...

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) has been associated with cachexia and is known to regulate multiple inflammatory cell (neutrophil and macrophage) responses. We tested the hypothesis that neutrophils and macrophages accumulate in the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus muscles of mice after chronic TNF-alpha administration. Murine recombinant TNF-alpha (approximately 100 microg x ...

TNF-α is a proinflammatory cytokine that is involved in numerous pathological processes including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In the present study, we used a transgenic mouse model that overexpresses TNF-α in the lung (Tg(+)) to test the hypothesis that chronic exposure to TNF-α (as seen in COPD) reduces skeletal muscle force production and fatigue resistance, particularly und...

Inactivation of excitation-contraction coupling was examined in extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus muscle fibers from rats injected daily with tri-iodothyronine (T3, 150 micrograms/kg) for 10-14 d. Steady-state activation and inactivation curves for contraction were obtained from measurements of peak potassium contracture tension at different surface membrane potentials. The experiments...