Introduction: We present our experience with retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) in patients with calculi in congenital anomalies of the upper urinary tract. Methods: A total of 29 patients with urinary stones and congenital anomalies of the kidney and ureter, including duplicated collecting system, horseshoe kidney (HSK), malrotated kidney, ureteropelvic junction stenosis (UPJ-S), and ectopic...

Background: Ectopic pregnancy is a life-threatening emergency which one of the important cause maternal morbidity and mortality in early pregnancy. must be suspected any woman reproductive age group, presenting with lower abdominal pain or vaginal bleeding. It great importance to diagnose condition prevent complications. The aim study review all cases ectopic determine incidence, high risk fact...

Background: Ectopic pregnancies are frequently present in women who present to the emergency department with pregnancy and abdominal pain or bleeding, a subset of whom may require operative intervention. Objectives: To prospectively determine if emergency physician (EP)-performed transabdominal pelvic ultrasonography (US) with determination of free abdominal fluid in the hepatorenal space predi...

Ectopic kidney occurs as a result of a halt in migration of kidneys to their normal locations during embryonal period. While kidneys ascend through pelvis, they receive new branches from vessels (iliac and aorta) close to them. When they reach the highest point, they receive new branches from aorta and the former branches degenerate. Renal vessels do not degenerate in the ectopic caudal kidney,...

Crossed renal ectopia is a condition in which a kidney is located on the side opposite of its ureteral insertion. Ninety percent of crossed ectopic kidneys are fused to their ipsilateral uncrossed renal unit. Crossed renal ectopia without fusion is rare, with only 62 patients reported in the literature to date. These kidneys may suffer iatrogenic injury during an unrelated surgical intervention...

Freemartinism in a 3.5 months-old Holstein Friesian calf was investigated. External examination of the animal revealed the presence of two vulvar openings ventral to the anus. The urine is voided from the lower aperture. Transrectal palpation and ultrasonography revealed an ectopic left kidney in the caudal abdomen. At autopsy, an ectopic left kidney, right unilateral cryptorchidism, left testi...

Acute pelvic pain is defined as lower abdominal or pelvic pain of less than three months' duration. It is a common presentation in primary care. Evaluation can be challenging because of a broad differential diagnosis and because many associated signs and symptoms are nonspecific. The most common diagnoses in reproductive-aged women with acute pelvic pain are idiopathic pelvic pain, pelvic infla...

background: the purpose of this study was to evaluate the fallopian tube of women with infertility and to observe whether there are any significant differences in the hysterosalpingogram findings with regard to prevalence of tubal block in women with primary and secondary infertility. methods: a retrospective study of unilateral and bilateral tubal obstruction in hysterosalpingogram of women wi...

Clinical and histopathological correlations of immunoreactivity to Chlamydia trachomatis and to epitopes of the C. trachomatis 60 kDa heat shock protein (hsp60) among women with ectopic pregnancy were evaluated in a case-control study. Serological responses to 13 synthetic peptides corresponding to major epitopes of the chlamydial hsp60 were determined in 67 women treated for ectopic pregnancy ...