Increased genetic susceptibility to mastitis has accompanied the rapid genetic increase in milk yield, and genetic selection for mastitis resistance should be considered. Somatic cell score is recommended as an indicator trait to achieve genetic improvement for mastitis resistance. Heritability of somatic cell score is around 10%, and genetic correlation between somatic cell score and clinical ...

A model is presented to investigate the optimal economic life cycle of grass leys with winter damage problems in northern Norway and to determine the threshold of winter damage before it is profitable to reseed. A two-level hierarchic Markov process has been constructed using the MLHMP software. The model takes uncertainty concerning yield potential, damage estimation and weather dependent rand...

In this study we use a high-quality data set of in situ ozone measurements at a suburban site called Mohali in the state of Punjab to estimate ozone-related crop yield losses for wheat, rice, cotton and maize for Punjab and the neighbouring state Haryana for the years 2011–2013. We intercompare crop yield loss estimates according to different exposure metrics, such as AOT40 (accumulated ozone e...

A positive correlation between health and economic prosperity has been widely documented, but the extent to which this reflects a causal effect of health on economic outcomes is very controversial. Two classes of evidence are examined. First, carefully designed random assignment studies in the laboratory and field provide compelling evidence that nutritional deficiency - particularly iron defic...

in order to evaluate effects of iron, zinc and manganese, and the methods of applying them on yield and yield components of sweet corn (zea mays saccharata), an experiment was performed as factorial based on randomized complete block design with four replications at the research farm of urmia university. experimental factors were micronutrient fertilizers with four levels (control, iron, zinc a...

Ultimately, the pricing strategy used for marketing wines should be a function of the demand for wine. Consumers are not directly concerned with the cost structure inherent in producing a commodity they are interested in purchasing. However, the manager of the winery is concerned with the underlying profits and must therefore consider cost alterations in their marketing strategy. Especially to ...

Objective: For investigation of intercropping of maize and faba bean, an experiment was conducted in Research Station of Agriculture Faculty of Tabriz University during growing season of 2013. Methods: Experimental design was randomized complete block design with three replications and seven treatment. Treatments included one row intercropping (1:1), 4 strip intercropping pattern with ratios of...

Harvest control rules (HCRs) have been implemented for many fisheries worldwide. However, in most instances, those HCRs are not based on the explicit feedbacks between stock properties and economic considerations. This paper develops a bio-economic model that evaluates the HCR adopted in 2004 by the Joint Norwegian-Russian Fishery Commission to manage the world's largest cod stock, Northeast Ar...

Cwik, Paul. 2005. "The Inverted Yield Curve and the Economic Downtum,"New Perspectives on Political Economy: A Bilingual Interdisciplinary Journal 1(1): 1-35. __. 2004 "An Investigation of Inverted Yield Curves and Economic Downturns," Ph.D. dissertation, Aubum University, found at: http://www.mises.org/etexts/cwik-dissertation.pdf. Garrison, Roger. 2001. Time and Money: The Macroeconomics of C...

Soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, is a major invasive pest that has caused substantial yield loss and increased insecticide use in the United States since its discovery in 2000. Using the economic surplus approach, we estimate the economic benefits of U.S. research and outreach for integrated pest management (IPM) of soybean aphid. We calculate ex ante net benefits from adoption of an IP...