China is Asia's most important upstream riparian country, sharing 110 rivers and lakes with 18 downstream countries. Consequently, China's management of transboundary water resources must consider both environmental and geopolitical risks.The major threats to and conflicts over international rivers in China revolve around biotic homogenisation due to the installation of transport links, water a...

The relationship between urbanization, economic growth, and water use change is one of the key issues for China’s sustainable development, as rapid urbanization and continuous economic growth are accompanied by a steady water stress. Thus, we applied a cointegration test and a VECM (vector error correction model) Granger causality test to investigate the causal relationship between the urbaniza...

Dr Amnon Frenkel without whose patience this paper would not have been completed. The opinions and mistakes in the paper are of course my own. Abstract An appreciation of the importance of innovation in promoting economic growth has long been matched in the UK, Israel and Ireland with uncertainty about each nation's ability to exploit the results of scientific research. This paper examines how ...

Infrastructure as a Service clouds are a exible and fast way to obtain (virtual) resources as demand varies. Grids, on the other hand, are middleware platforms able to combine resources from di erent administrative domains for tasks execution. Clouds can be used by grids as providers of devices such as virtual machines, so they only use the resources they need. This requires grids to be able to...

Classic unit commitment (UC) is an important and exciting task of distributing generated power among the committed units subject to several constraints over a scheduled time horizon to obtain the minimum generation cost. Large integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) in modern power system makes generation planning more complex. This paper presents the individual and collective impact...

With the advances in computer and networking technology thousands of heterogeneous com puters can be interconnected to provide a large collection of computing and communication resources These systems are used by a growing and increasingly heterogeneous set of users A macroscopic view of distributed computer systems reveals the complexity of the organi zation and management of the resources and...

Some proposals to change the Social Security program to ensure long-run solvency would reduce or eliminate benefits for early retirees. This article documents the health and financial resources of Old-Age and Survivors Insurance (OASI) beneficiaries aged 62-64. It identifies a substantial minority of early retirees who might be economically vulnerable if either the early eligibility age or norm...

a r t i c l e i n f o This paper develops an endogenous growth model to study the decentralized equilibrium and the optimum conditions in an economy which uses polluting resources. The model includes two policy instruments, a subsidy to final consumption and an emissions tax. It also considers two forms of endogenous technical change, pollution-reducing knowledge and horizontal innovation. We s...