Hip fractures, a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly, are expected to exponentially increase in frequency over the next 50 years as a result of increased life expectancy and population growth. The economic impact of the cost of hip fractures may be enormous. The overall cost of hip fractures includes not only death and illness, but also the costs of medical and custodial...

Globalisation around the world has resulted in labour movement between labour markets. Migration from one country to another country has become a common phenomenon. This international migration contributes to the development of both sending as well as receiving countries even though the contribution to sending country is significant. The contribution of migration to development can be seen at f...

This paper adds to the existing literature on the estimation of future consumption patterns. I first forecast the demand of beef, chicken and pig products for the years 2020 and 2040 using a simultaneous equations model for the world and specific regions. Then, using existing research on “best existing case” scenarios of the ecological impact of different foods, I estimate the land usage and gr...

As demonstrated in recent disasters such as the 1994 Northridge and 1995 Hyogoken-Nanbu (Kobe) earthquakes, urban areas can suffer potentially large economic losses when highway transportation systems are damaged in seismic events. This paper addresses the development of performance measures for highway systems that are suitable for estimating the economic impact of earthquake damage. Economic ...

We sent an anonymous self-administered questionnaire to 4200 employees of a Trust hospital, 1903 of whom returned it. We identified 158 migraine sufferers according to International Headache Society (IHS) criteria. These sufferers estimated 2.0 days/year absence from work, and an equivalent of 5.5 days/year lost by reduced effectiveness at work, caused by their migraine at an estimated financia...

CORROSION is a natural process. Just like water flows to the lowest level, all natural processes tend toward the lowest possible energy states. Thus, for example, iron and steel have a natural tendency to combine with other chemical elements to return to their lowest energy states. In order to return to lower energy states, iron and steel frequently combine with oxygen and water, both of which ...

This paper assesses the quality of various micro level measures of social capital. It begins by examining a simple model of social capital accumulation in which households acquire social capital by devoting resources to forming relationships with other households. Through these relationships households acquire access to social resources which raises utility for any level of consumption. Tests o...

Economic sanctions have the reputation of harming the population in the sanctioned countries. In this paper, I investigate under what circumstances such harm occurs and what is its magnitude. I estimate the impact of in utero exposure to sanctions episodes on infant weight, child height, and child mortality. Using a large child level data set from 69 countries, I …nd that being exposed to sanct...