Curbing the growth in public spending and raising its effectiveness... Public spending rose steadily as a share of GDP in the three decades to the mid1990s, but this trend has since abated. The spending pressures stemming from the continued expansion of social programmes have been partly compensated by transient or one-off factors. Pressures on public spending, however, appear likely to intensi...

This study analyzes the relationship between the social factors and the economic growth. A summary of social and economic environment is presented for Romania. As such, the paper analyzes the global evolution of social and economic environment over time and establishes a direct correlation between human development and economic welfare. An econometric model and a clustering model are tested for...

abstract human development and the importance of focusing on women’s participation has become one of the main concerns and issues attracting the attention of many people. in fact, many gender-related models and patterns have been proposed in this regard. accordingly, this paper is an attempt to evaluate the effects of development process on women’s participation in iran using an econometrics m...

This paper argues that income inequality has increased in several, but not all, developed countries over the last twenty years. The increase in some countries supports the conclusion that the deregulation of markets, resulting in the concentration of economic power, is the fundamental cause as well as the gross manifestation of inequality of both income and wealth. JEL classifi cation: D30 (Gen...

There has been a growing concern with the adverse impacts of economic development upon the environment in recent years and a concomitant response in terms of policy initiatives. The policy discourse of sustainable development proposes that economic development and the environment can be integrated to give rise to “win-win” outcomes. Many policy initiatives have been developed at the urban, regi...

The non-Marxist, or neo-Malthusian, approach to the study of population problems is criticized, with particular reference to the situation in Africa. An alternative Marxist approach is proposed in which the solution to population problems is sought either in revolution or radical improvements in social welfare involving the maximum egalitarian distribution of the benefits of social and economi...