During the last decade, the stringent pressures from environmental and social requirements have spurred an interest in designing a reverse logistics (RL) network. The success of a logistics system may depend on the decisions of the facilities locations and vehicle routings. The location-routing problem (LRP) simultaneously locates the facilities and designs the travel routes for vehicles among ...

Little is known about the impact of standards on the economic development of countries which are latecomers to industrial manufacturing and innovation. Standardization is regarded primarily as a technical issue, and hence receives only limited high-level policy support. However, technical standards contribute at least as much as patents to economic growth. As a key mechanism for the diffusion o...

Th e idea of administrative limits—in the sense of constraints or bounds on what can be achieved by the activity of administration in general and public administration in particular—is important for a proper understanding of twenty-fi rst-century public administration. What are the eff ective limits of taxable capacity in the modern state, as debt-ridden governments seek to reduce debt levels a...

This paper deals with the sensitivity analysis (SA) of inventory management models when uncertainty in the input parameters is given full consideration. We make use of Sobol’ function and variance decomposition method for determining the most influential parameters on the model output. We first illustrate the method by means of an analytical example. We provide the expression of the global impo...

Published during a severe economic crisis, this study presents the first spatial microsimulation model for the analysis of income inequalities and poverty in Greece. First, we present a brief overview of the method and discuss its potential for the analysis of multidimensional poverty and income inequality in Greece. We then present the SimAthens model, based on a combination of small-area demo...

The presence of symmetries in a constraint satisfaction problem gives an opportunity for more efficient search. We provide a new way of proving the existence of solution symmetries in all instances of a class of matrix CSPs by way of model transformations. Given a model M and a candidate symmetry σ, the approach first syntactically applies σ to M and then shows that the resulting model σ(M) is ...

Trade between Central Asia and the rest of the world began over 5000 years ago. However, patterns of trade and consequent demand for transportation under the globalization movement are much more complex. Supply of transportation to meet emerging characteristics and quantities of demand is expensive and time consuming. Yet, without efficient and effective transportation the economic growth poten...

This paper proposes a multiobjective, mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model for the superstructure optimization of hydrocarbon biorefineries via gasification pathway under economic and environmental criteria. The proposed hydrocarbon biorefinery superstructure includes a number of major processing stages, such as drying of the cellulosic biomass feedstocks, air separation unit, gasi...

Abstract Due to the diminution of fossil fuels, profitable usage fuel for generation power is reducing. It an extremely vital concern companies. The fuel‐based plant must operate within its limits and contractual restrictions. Therefore, economic optimization required optimize cost under constraints. To address this issue, in work, a horse herd algorithm (HOA) developed solve multicounty fuel‐c...

human capital has always been of high importance in economic growth literature. in this regard, several studies have tried to explain the role of this variable via the use of different models. the present study, in line with the previous ones, going to estimate the share of human capital in iranian economy production from 1974 to 2011 within the framework of ozawa (1965) and lucas’s (1988) endo...