objectives: goal-directed subsidies because of its nature can affect all aspects of iranian life. this scheme is not only an economic program but also affects other aspects of social life including: welfare and economic situation of society, labor market, income, expenditure and consumption pattern models of family and social problems such as poverty and inequality, drug abuse, family problem, ...

The quality of life (QOL) has been de.ned as ‘‘a person’s sense of well-being that stems from satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the areas of life that are important to him/her’’.  Age was also signi.cantly associated with several functional limitations such as illness, and physical restrictions. The concept of ‘‘resilience’’ refers to successful adaptation that unfolds within a context of si...

conclusions future research should pay more attention to the mechanisms and pathways mediating or moderating the relationship between family risk factors and addiction in women. clinicians and researchers should keep in mind these vulnerabilities and take into consideration factors special to processes related to addiction in women. results partners, parenting styles, and family disturbances ar...

This paper argues that income inequality has increased in several, but not all, developed countries over the last twenty years. The increase in some countries supports the conclusion that the deregulation of markets, resulting in the concentration of economic power, is the fundamental cause as well as the gross manifestation of inequality of both income and wealth. JEL classifi cation: D30 (Gen...

Background: The present study was conducted to translate and validate the World Health Organization’s Quality-of-Life Scale -BREF into local language of Pakistan.      Methods: A forward- backward translation procedure was followed to develop the Pakistani version of the questionnaire. Through a multi- stage clustered sampling technique, a sample of individuals aged 1...

The topic of rising income inequality is an Anglo-Saxon problem. According to World Bank data for a large sample of countries, Gini coefficients on market income have increased in the last four decades for the Unites States, the United Kingdom, and New Zealand (Table 1 in the Appendix). The trend is insignificant for most of the other large industrialized countries, among them (West) Germany,,1...

Curricular issues of subject Applied Mathematics to Social Sciences are studied in relation to university entrance exams performed in several Spanish regions between 2009-2014. By using quantitative and qualitative analyses, it has been studied how these exams align with curriculum and how they produce a washback on curriculum and teachers' work. Additionally, one questionnaire about teachers' ...