Unenhanced T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo, short inversion time inversion recovery (STIR), and gadolinium-DTPA (Gd-DTPA)-enhanced spin-echo and STIR imaging techniques were used in 20 patients as part of a multicenter study to assess the safety and efficacy of Gd-DTPA in spinal imaging. Five patients had normal MR scans. Of those with lesions, both Gd-DTPA-enhanced T1-weighted spin-echo and unen...

Hands-free devices, such as mobile phones, are perhaps one of the most prominent applications of acoustic echo cancellation systems. They are often used in a noisy enclosed environment. Therefore, the recorded near-end speech will also contain reverberation and background noise, which degrade the fidelity and intelligibility of speech. In the last two decades postprocessors have been developed ...

With the development of technology the whole dimension of communication has changed. In modern day people are more interested in hand-free communication. So, the users use an ordinary loudspeaker and a microphone, at place of telephone receiver. Benefit of wireless communication is that it allows the users to have both hands free and to travel freely in the area. The truth of a huge audio mixtu...

Optimized speech enhancement method combines acoustic echo reduction and noise reduction in a unified framework for non stationary environment. Simultaneous optimization of noise and echo reduction is already done in stationary environment. In most of the times in transmission, signal properties change over time. We need to remove the artifacts of sound in those conditions. Recursive least squa...

In magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography (MREIT), we measure induced magnetic flux densities subject to multiple injection currents to reconstruct crosssectional conductivity images. Spin echo pulse sequence has been widely used in MREIT and produce postmortem and in vivo conductivity images of animal and human subjects. The image quality depends on the SNR of the measured magnetic...

Gradient-echo MRI of resonance-frequency shift and T2* values exhibit unique tissue contrast and offer relevant physiological information. However, acquiring 3D-phase images and T2* maps with the standard spoiled gradient echo (SPGR) sequence is lengthy for routine imaging at high-spatial resolution and whole-brain coverage. In addition, with the standard SPGR sequence, optimal signal-to-noise ...

conclusions our results indicate that changes in muscle thickness and echo intensity are induced by different inward pressures of the transducer during us. when using a technique that involves a handheld transducer, the examiner should attempt to maintain consistent inward pressure of the transducer during us, to quantify the minimal change of the rf mass and composition. results muscle thickne...

Over the past decade several pulsed field gradient stimulated-echo methods have been presented for diffusion measurements in heterogeneous media. These methods have reduced or eliminated the coupling between the applied magnetic field gradient and a constant internal magnetic field gradient caused by susceptibility changes throughout the sample. For many research purposes the z-storage delay be...