of terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided article is properly cited. " WHERE WE HAVE BEEN " Knowledge of human anatomy was acquired through dissections of the human body that may have begun as long as 4000 years ago, in Babylonian times. Later documentation was in Egypt...

The past decade has witnessed the emergence and substantial growth of the specialty of emergency medicine as a truly international medical discipline that refuses to be restrained by barriers of language, culture or geography. While the formal recognition of the specialty of emergency medicine is relatively young in most countries and nonexistent in some, the provision of emergency care is as a...

IN choosing a subject for my address tonight , I was anxious to speak about something that might be of general interest to everyone present, and try to avoid anything of a technical nature, as I am sure you will have several opportunities of listening to scientific papers on medical subjects at our meetings here during the next year, given by men much better qualified for that purpose than I am...

The human herpes virus Epstein-Barr (EBV) is clearly associated with African Burkitt's lymphoma and the undifferentiated form of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, although its role in oncogenesis is still poorly defined. Recently EBV has been implicated in other types of lymphomas, as well as in some nonlymphomatous neoplastic processes. Its possible association with human breast cancer has been invest...

system, " read Daily Mirror's account. " Scientists say up to 80 per cent of cases could be prevented by those at risk living in warmer areas. The UK and Canadian team found that vitamin D controls the gene known to increase MS risk. " The most prudent account was by Robin McKie in The Observer. He alone pointed out that the significance of vitamin D for health, and especially calls for more su...

Different types of cells infected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) can release exosomes containing viral components that functionally affect neighboring cells. Previously, we found that EBV was localized mostly in infiltrating lymphocytes within the stromal layer of cervical lesions. In this study, we aimed to determine effects of exosome-transferred EBV-encoded RNAs (EBERs) on keratinocytes expre...

For centuries the world has appreciated the potent analgesic qualities and adverse effects/addictive qualities of opioids. Evidence of potential poppy plant use (preserved remains of cultivated poppy seeds and pods) may date back to the fourth millennium BC (2). Opium was proposed as a remedy for multiple ailments in 1552 BC in the Ebers papyrus. Drug use in ancient central Asia is evidenced by...

Dr M. A. Lee and colleagues at the Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain and the Department of Clinical Neurology of the Radcliffe Hospital and Infirmary in Oxford, the Montreal Neurologic Institute, the Institute of Neurology in London, and the Neuroimaging Research Unit of the University of Milan have collaborated to provide us with interesting and provocative new data...

The addition of a new Ancient Egyptian medical papyrus to the small number in existence is an important event. Dr. Reymond, of Oxford, therefore deserves our gratitude for providing the first edition and complete analysis of a Demotic papyrus, the Fayyum medical book, from the Austrian National Library. Her introduction deals first with the collection of Demotic documents in Vienna to which thi...