The development of the infrastructure for ubiquitous computing is progressing rapidly, yet the applications that will be built on this new infrastructure remain largely ill defined. What will we do with these emerging capabilities? Stock quotes in 3-D on your heads-up display? Sports scores in stereo sound? We believe that the new kinds of services will result from three primary capabilities of...

The main paper demonstrated how the object proposal evaluation protocol is ‘gameable’ and performed some experiments to detect this ‘gameability’. In this supplement, we present additional details and results which support the arguments presented in the main paper. In section 1, we list and briefly describe the different object proposal algorithms which we used for our experiments. Following th...

Interfrequency loudness matches were obtained for 12 pairs of frequencies from 1 to 16 kHz over a range of sensation levels (SL) from 4-to-100 dB. At 10 kHz and below, a linear matching function with a slope of 1.0 provides a good account of the data. In contrast, loudness-matching functions at higher frequencies are curvilinear in shape. Moreover, the regional slope values are both level and f...

We begin by accepting that introspective evidence is important to cognitive science. However, as its history shows, introspection is risky, so methods should be used that minimize those risks. We argue that there are 13 ways that a beeper can reduce those risks, dividing those ways into three categories: time sampling per se, minimizing the reactive disturbance of evanescent phenomena, and aidi...

In the present study I describe the 150-year history of school-based English language assessment in Japan. This history is divided into four major periods according to the purposes of English language education set by the government in the different periods: (1) 1860 to 1945, when English was first introduced and taught in schools mainly for elite classes; (2) 1945 to 1960's, when English becam...