The effect of litter on seedling establishment can influence species richness in plant communities. The effect of litter depends on amount, and also on litter type, but relatively little is known about the species-specific effects of litter. We conducted a factorial greenhouse experiment to examine the effect of litter type, using two woody species that commonly co-occur in boreonemoral forest-...

Seed production, seed dispersal and recruitment are critical processes in population dynamics, because they are almost never completely successful. We recorded the recruitment dynamics for the population of Dipteryx oleifera in a tropical rainforest in eastern Nicaragua (12 degrees 05' N., 83 degrees 55' W.) from March 2002 to August 2006. Seeds and seedlings had highly clumped distributions, w...

one of the effects of reducing water content on soil is reduction of growth and development of seedlings and variation of field development of them. it was found that seed priming improves some characteristics of seedling and plant. an experiment was conducted for evaluating the effect of seed priming by salicylic acid on some characteristics of barley seed at early growth stages, antioxidant e...