The objective of this work is to report on the modifications in air shower development due to muon bremsstrahlung and muonic pair production. In order to do that we have implemented new muon bremsstrahlung and muonic pair production procedures in the AIRES air shower simulation system, and have used it to simulate ultra high energy showers in different conditions. The influence of the mentioned...

with the rapid growth of e-commerce and online consumer shopping trends, the importance of building and maintaining customer loyalty in electronic marketplaces has come into sharper focus in marketing theory and practice. this paper integrates previous research in the field of brand loyalty to present a conceptual framework of “e-loyalty” and its underlying drivers. implications for e-marketing...

The imaging atmospheric Čerenkov technique has been successfully used for observations of the Crab Nebula in the TeV energy range. However the Crab Nebula energy spectra, measured by several groups, still differ noticeably in power-law index as well as in absolute -ray flux. The HEGRA stereoscopic system of 5 imaging atmospheric Čerenkov telescopes has been used for long-term observations of th...

This paper addresses the two-dimensional (2D) direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation problem with two novel methods for mixed noncircular and circular signals. The first proposed method is named the two-stage direction-of-arrival matrix (TSDOAM) method, and the other is called the two-stage rank reduction (TSRARE) method. The proposed methods utilize both the circularity and the direction-of-arr...

We propose a novel system architecture that employs a matching pursuit-based basis selection algorithm for directions of arrival estimation. The proposed system does not require a priori knowledge of the number of angles to be resolved and uses very small number of snapshots for convergence. The performance of the algorithm is not affected by correlation in the input signals. The algorithm is c...

The origin of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) and neutrinos is still a mystery. Hadronic acceleration theory suggests that they should originate in the same sources (astrophysical or cosmological), together with gammarays. While gamma-rays have been linked to astrophysical sources, no point source of UHECRs or neutrinos have been found so far. In this paper, the multimessenger combinatio...

With the aim of testing recent claims for a particularly strong correlation between ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs), observed with the AGASA and the Yakutsk experiments, and a sample of BL Lacertae (BL Lacs), we here conduct a blind statistical assessment. We search for associations between the same set of BL Lac objects and the arrival directions of 33 relevant UHECRs observed with the ...