Ion beam analysis (IBA) is a cluster of techniques including Rutherford and non-Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE). Recently, the ability to treat multiple IBA techniques (including PIXE) self-consistently has been demonstrated. The utility of IBA for accurately depth profiling thin films is critically reviewed. As an important example of IBA, thre...

In the two decades since establishment of people’s Republic China, challenges facing porcelain production have changed significantly. Porcelain is one most important and oldest traditions in China. 1950s, craftsmen became involved creation new forms interior plastics. Many pieces they created are now part museum collections represent history development Chinese porcelain. Using example three mu...

Biological Applications of Organometallic for Aeronautics........................................................................ Compounds: PROFESSOR HENRY GILMAN ........................ 47 Special Articles: The Motions of the Stars: PROFESSOR EVERETT I. Localization of Lithium in Tumor Tissue as a YOWELL ....................................... 50 Basis for Slow Neutron Therapy: DR. PAUL A. O...

Tourism in the third millennium has become one of the most thriving economic activities around the world, and many developmental planners and policymakers refer to tourism as the main pillar for sustainable development. Tourism is considered as one of the most complicated occupations in numerous countries worldwide and as a multi-aspect activity possessing various positive effects and utilizati...

Most Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) data analysis codes are not focused on handling multilayered samples. We have developed an open-source library called ”LibCPIXE”, for PIXE data analysis. It is written in standard C and implements functions for simulating X-ray yields of PIXE spectra taken from arbitrary samples, including multilayered targets. The library is designed to be fast, port...

Electronic cash (or e-cash) is an electronic payment solution that is usually viewed as an attempt to emulate electronically the main characteristics of regular cash. In particular, e-cash and other payment solutions should protect the privacy of users during a purchase. The main distinction of e-cash with respect to other electronic payment systems is that electronic coins are stored on a devi...