Drug-in-adhesive patches (DIAPs) of fentanyl were formulated using various pressure sensitive adhesives (PSAs) and various chemical permeation enhancers (CPEs). The effects of PSAs and CPEs on skin permeation of fentanyl from DIAPs were evaluated using modified jacketed Franz diffusion cells fitted with excised rat abdominal skin. It was demonstrated that the permeation rate or steady state flu...

Per oral delivery of hydrophilic drugs is one of the most challenges in biopharmaceutical research. Hydrophilic drugs show low bioavailability following oral administration because of their poor intestinal permeation. In the last few years great interest has focused on search of different intestinal permeation enhancers for the oral delivery of BCS class iii drugs, small polar molecules, vaccin...

Insulin-loaded microemulsions for transdermal delivery were developed using isopropyl myristate or oleic acid as the oil phase, Tween 80 as the surfactant, and isopropyl alcohol as the cosurfactant. The pseudoternary phase diagrams were constructed to determine the composition of microemulsions. The insulin permeation flux of microemulsions containing oleic acid as oil phase through excised mou...

The polymer poly( 1,3-phenyl-1,4-pheny1)-4-phenyl-1,3,4-triazole has been investigated for its gas separation properties. This thermally stable and chemically resistant polymer can be processed into membranes by the phase-inversion technique because of its unexpectedly good solubility in formic acid. Homogeneous membranes have been tested with respect to their permeability for several gases, an...

The permeation pathway of macromolecules and nanospheres through skin was evaluated using fluorescent isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran (average MW, 4 kDa) (FD-4) and nanospheres (500 nm in diameter) in hairless rat abdominal skin and porcine ear skin as well as a three-dimensional cultured human skin model (cultured skin model). A low molecular hydrophilic compound, sodium fluorescein (FL) (MW, 37...

PURPOSE The purpose of the present work was to assess iontophoretic permeation of Lisinopril at different current densities and concentrations for development of patient-controlled active transdermal system. METHODS In vitro iontophoretic transdermal delivery of Lisinopril across the pigskin was investigated at three different drug concentrations and three different current densities (0.25- 0...

The purpose of the present study was to develop intranasal delivery system of dimenhydrinate using thiolated gellan gum and formulations were modulated so as to have gelation at physiological ion content after intranasal administration. Gelation was determined by physical appearance. The mucoadhesive force in terms of detachment stress, determined using sheep nasal mucosa, increased with increa...

The investigation deals with the affection of permeation of mupirocin from the Bactroban® Leciva ointment through full-thickness pig ear skin by alaptide that was applied in micronized or nanonized form as a potential excipient. Alaptide, (S)-8-methyl-6,9-diazaspiro[4.5]decan-7,10-dione, was the original Czech compound. It was discovered that micronized alaptide significantly enhanced the perme...

The objective of our present work was to prepare transdermal matrix patches containing the drug, diclofenac diethylamine with various polymeric combinations of polyvinylpyrrolidone and ethylcellulose and to study the mechanism of release of the drug from the patches and its skin permeation. Sorbitan monolaurate 20 (Span 20), a non-ionic surfactant was added to the concentrations (0.1% wt/vol), ...