Driving under the influence (DUI) and DUI drugs (DUID) law enforcement (LE) cases (n 5 12,082) where whole blood samples were submitted to ChemaTox Laboratory, Inc. in Boulder, CO, for testing were examined. Of these 12,082 cases, there were 4,235 cannabinoid screens (CS) requested. Samples that yielded a positive CS (n 5 2,621) were further analyzed. A total of 1,848 samples were confirmed for...

OBJECTIVE Driving the wrong way on freeways, namely wrong-way driving (WWD), has been found to be a major concern for more than 6 decades. The purpose of this study was to identify characteristics of this type of crash as well as to rank the locations/interchanges according to their vulnerability to WWD entries. METHODS The WWD crash data on Illinois freeways were statistically analyzed for a...

OBJECTIVES This study examined the efficacy of emergency department (ED)-based brief interventions (BIs), delivered by a computer or therapist, with and without a post-ED session, on alcohol consumption and consequences over 12 months. METHODS Patients (ages 14-20 years) screening positive for risky drinking were randomized to: BI (n = 277), therapist BI (n = 278), or control (n = 281). After...

Doubly uniparental inheritance (DUI) is an exception to the typical maternal inheritance of mitochondrial (mt) DNA in Metazoa, and found only in some bivalves. In species with DUI, there are two highly divergent gender-associated mt genomes: maternal (F) and paternal (M), which transmit independently and show different tissue localization. Solenaia carinatus is an endangered freshwater mussel s...

Blue mussels of the genus Mytilus have an unusual mode of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) transmission: males receive mtDNA from both parents and transmit their paternal mtDNA to their sons; females receive mtDNA only from their mother (Skibinski, Gallagher, and Beynon 1994~2, 1994b; Zouros et al. 1994~2, 1994b). This mode of mtDNA transmission has been termed “doubly uniparental inheritance” (DUI; Z...

BACKGROUND In Brazil the legal blood alcohol content (BAC) allowed for driving was changed to zero in 2008. If the BAC found is above 0.6g/L, drivers may be arrested. However, there are limited data on drivers' awareness of such limits. METHODS Drivers from 27 major metropolitan areas (n=3397) were randomly asked to participate in roadside survey from 12 a.m. to 12 p.m. on Fridays and Saturda...