In this paper, a detailed model of a hybrid dual-stage Raman/erbium-doped fiber (EDF) amplifier is presented. This model takes into account the impact of double Rayleigh backscattering (DRB) noise, amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise and Kerr-nonlinearity induced impairments in the amplification process. Using this model, we present a comprehensive analysis of the operation of hybrid dua...

Engineered biomimetic microenvironments from hydrogels are an emerging strategy to achieve lineage-specific differentiation in vitro. In addition to recapitulating critical matrix cues found in the native three-dimensional (3D) niche, the hydrogel can also be designed to deliver soluble factors that are present within the native inductive microenvironment. We demonstrate a versatile materials a...

Abstract Helical coil accelerators are a recent development in laser-driven ion production, acting on the intrinsically wide divergence and broadband energy spectrum of laser-accelerated protons to deliver ultra-low quasi-monoenergetic beams. The modularity helical also provides attractive prospective multi-staging. Here we show, proof-of-principle basis, two-stage configuration which allows op...

Many actors report a form of dual-consciousness when playing roles on stage: they react to the given circumstances as their characters would do, but do not forget are stage. This paper analyzes concept and argues that actor results from actor’s imaginings, which both recreate experience character inform about non-reality experience. Keywords: Acting, actor, dual-consciousness, recreative imagin...