Purpose Pain sensitivity has been identified as a factor that affects how individuals answer dry eye questionnaires, but it is unknown how it affects ocular discomfort. This study used the time that individuals could refrain from blinking as an indicator of ocular discomfort and set out to determine whether it was related to pain sensitivity, while adjusting for ocular surface conditions. Met...

An adiabatic dry saturated steam compression process with inner evaporative spray cooling in screw compressors for steam heat pump systems is studied. Thermodynamic model and simulation of this variable-mass compression process are devised. Differential equations are formulated and used to calculate the amount of liquid injected and the work to drive the compressor on the basis of simplificatio...

The advent of monsoon in India provides a welcome relief from the dry hot summer and brings waves of life to parched landscapes across the country, but the cooling showers also bring along a lot of diseases. Infectious diseases like Dengue fever, Chikungunya, Hantaviruses, Nipah virus, Chandipura virus, Malaria and the novel H1N1 influenza virus had emerged or re-emerged as major public health ...

The spatial distribution of tropospheric and stratospheric temperature trends for 1979 to 2005 was examined, based on radiances from satellite-borne microwave sounding units that were processed with state-of-the-art retrieval algorithms. We found that relative to the global-mean trends of the respective layers, both hemispheres have experienced enhanced tropospheric warming and stratospheric co...

It is well documented that exercise-induced asthma is more pronounced when inspired air is cold and dry rather than warm and humid.' 2 The severity of exercise-induced asthma is closely dependent on loss of respiratory heat, needed to warm and humidify inspired air,3 and it has been suggested that airway cooling is the only stimulus triggering postexercise bronchoconstriction.3-7 We present a c...

Utilizing current Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technologies, a three-port microcapillary pumped loop (micro-CPL) was designed, fabricated and tested to provide integral cooling to electronics or MEMS type devices. The two wafer design consists of one silicon and one borofloat glass wafer. An analytical study was used in determining the geometry of the device, including the evaporator...

Electrically pumped metal-cavity nanolasers in III-V semiconductors are promising for their application in optical interconnects, where high integration density and low optical powers are required. They offer a low threshold current and excellent cooling properties due to the metal encapsulation. In this contribution, an overview about the technology required for the fabrication of a nanolaser ...

The production of machine parts usually ends with some kind of a heat treatment. A proper heat treatment, like quenching, provides increased surface hardness, which improves wear resistance. The quenching process must be fast to achieve the required hardness, but not too fast to prevent surface damage. Monitoring of the quenching process in real time, and an appropriate control can improve the ...

Background & Aims of the Study: Nowadays, heat stress is one of the most harmful physical agents in workplaces. According to the consequences of heat stress and have no information about it in Qom dry cleaner units, Iran, this study have been designed to evaluate the heat stress among workers of dry cleaner units in Qom province of Iran, in Jul-Aug 2011. Materials & Metho...

the present paper describes the designing of a thermally and economically optimum mechanical draft counter-flow wet cooling tower. the design model allows the use of a variety of packing materials in the cooling tower toward optimizing heat transfer. once the optimum packing type is chosen, a compact cooling tower with low fan power consumption is modelled within the known design variables. mor...