Previous studies revealed that HIV-1 CRF01_AE viruses derived from antiretroviral drug-naïve Thai patients contained several protease (PR) inhibitor (PI) resistance-associated mutations. In this report, we examined the sustained appearance of drug resistance-associated mutations in CRF01_AE PR and reverse transcriptase (RT). Peripheral blood samples were collected every 3 months from April 2008...

Chemotherapy is the major choice for the cancer treatment of early and advanced stages. However, intrinsic or acquired drug resistance significantly restricts the clinical efficacy of chemotherapy. It is critical to develop novel approaches to detect and overcome drug resistance. In this study, we demonstrated that accelerated glycolysis played a pivotal role in both intrinsic and acquired cisp...

Drug resistance is a serious challenge in cancer treatment and can be acquired through multiple mechanisms. These molecular changes may introduce varied extents of resistance to different therapies and need to be characterized for optimal therapy choice. A recently discovered small molecule, ethyl-2-amino-6-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-4H-chromene-3-carboxylate) (CXL017), revea...

The multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype is associated with the overexpression of members of the ATP-binding cassette family of proteins. These MDR transporters are expressed at the plasma membrane, where they are thought to reduce the cellular accumulation of toxins over time. Our data demonstrate that members of this family are also expressed in subcellular compartments where they actively se...

BACKGROUND Multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) 1 and canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter (cMOAT or MRP2) are adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporters that confer resistance to anticancer agents. In addition to these two transporters, there are at least four other human MRP subfamily members (MRP3 through MRP6). We and others reported previously that MRP3 is...

BACKGROUND Treatment failure in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) leading to local recurrence(s) and metastases is mainly due to drug resistance. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought be responsible for the development of drug resistance. However, the correlations between CSCs, drug resistance, and new strategy against drug resistance in OSCC remain elusive. METHODS A drug-resistant sphere (...

Background and Aims: Enzybiotics are probably the future line of weapons against drug resistant bacteria. They lyse bacteria with the new mechanisms with few likelihood of generating resistance. LasA, which is secreted from Pseudomonas strains degrades Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) cell wall and has the potential to use against drug resistant S. aureus infections.  Materials and Metho...

Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based regimens have recently been used in HIV-1 infected children in resource-limited settings. Treatment failure with this regimen has become more common. A second regimen needs to be prepared for the Thai national program. Genotypic resistance testing was conducted among HIV-1 infected children who experienced virological failure with ant...