OBJECTIVE To perform an evidence-based review of the safety and efficacy of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) in the treatment of autonomic and urologic disorders and low back and head pain. METHODS A literature search was performed including MEDLINE and Current Contents for therapeutic articles relevant to BoNT and the selected indications. Authors reviewed, abstracted, and classified articles bas...

Objectives Evaluating oral and dental health status in Egyptian children with cerebral palsy (CP) in relation to gross motor skills and types of CP. Methods A Cross-sectional study was conducted at el-Shatby Hospital for Children, Alexandria-Egypt. Oral examination for 62 children with CP between the age ranges 3-12 years was performed and decay missing filling-tooth/decay filling-tooth (DMFT...

A 23 years Indian patient with no previous history of psychiatry presented to the hospital eight days recurring seizures. The is unable follow commands and chief complaints include unconsciousness, uproling eyes, bladder incontinence drooling saliva. had a trauma then developed seizures disorder was on medication since 8years. In course 2months, treated Lacosamid...

Seventeen patients with a mean age of 7.33 (range 2.7-12.7) years with Rett syndrome (a progressive neurological disorder that occurs mainly in females) were evaluated for oral manifestations and habits. The most frequent habits were digit/hand sucking and/or biting (17/17), bruxism (14/17), mouth breathing (7/17), drooling (5/17), and tongue thrusting (5/17). Gingivitis (13/17) was the most co...

In the elderly, myasthenia gravis (MG) can present with bulbar symptoms, which can be clinically difficult to diagnose from other neurological comorbid conditions. We describe a case of a 75-year-old man who had been previously diagnosed with dysphagia associated with medullary infarction but exhibited aggravation of the dysphagia later on due to a superimposed development of bulbar MG. After r...

Oral mucosal melanomas are highly malignant tumors. The 'chameleonic' presentation of a mainly asymptomatic condition, the rarity of these lesions, the poor prognosis and the necessity of a highly specialized treatment are factors that should be seriously considered by the involved health provider. We present the case of a 75-year-old man who was referred to the Ear, Nose and Throat department....

Sialorrhoea is a common and problematic symptom that arises from a range of neurological conditions associated with bulbar or facial muscle dysfunction. Drooling can significantly affect quality of life due to both physical complications such as oral chapping, and psychological complications such as embarrassment and social isolation. Thicker, tenacious oral and pharyngeal secretions may result...

Background: Dumb cane, or Dieffenbachia, is a tropical decorative house plant belonging to the Araceae family and Arum class, its colored leaves are appealing children.
 Objective: The rationale of this report notify health workers community about danger such poisoning increase awareness toxic effect on humans.
 Case Report: A 14-month-old girl presented emergency department complaini...