Natural killer (NK) cells provide in vivo control of orthopoxvirus infections in association with their expansion in the draining lymph node (LN), where they are normally very rare. The mechanism of this expansion is unclear. Herein, we determined that NK-cell depletion results in enhanced infection following footpad inoculation of cowpox virus, a natural pathogen of rodents. Following cowpox v...

Several different memory T-cell populations have now been described based upon surface receptor expression and migratory capabilities. Here we have assessed murine endogenous memory CD4+ T cells generated within a draining lymph node and their subsequent migration to other secondary lymphoid tissues. Having established a model response targeting a specific peripheral lymph node, we temporally l...

Objectives: The term, ‘varicose veins’ is used commonly to describe the enlargement and tortuosity of lower extremity veins. However varicose veins can occur elsewhere. The traditional surgical treatment has been vein stripping to remove the affected veins. In this article we aimed to present common anatomical variations of saphenofemoral junction encountered during surgical procedures in young...

Introduction: Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm (SOVA) may have associated infective endocarditis in which case single aneurysm may drain into adjacent chamber of heart via multiple openings. We report a rare case of congenital SOVA with associated infective endocarditis where intraoperative transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) helped in localizing two separate openings in the SOVA draining into right...

It is now well documented that interferon gamma (IFN-γ) is the indispensable cytokine for inducing protective immunity against experimental and human cutaneous leishmaniaisis. The importance of IFN-γ receptor (IFN-γR) has also been studied. In the present study, we made attempts to find out whether L. major infection is able to alter the expression of IFN-γR in vivo. In addition, we studied the...

The diffusive effect on barotropic models of mesoscale eddies is addressed, using the Melnikov method from dynamical systems. Simple geometric criteria are obtained, which identify whether a given eddy grows or drains out, under a diffusive (and forcing) perturbation on a potential vorticity conserving flow. Qualitatively, the following are shown to be features conducive to eddy growth (and, th...

The veins of the dentate nucleus are composed of several channels draining the external surface and one single vein draining the internal surface. We analyzed specimens of the human cerebellum and described the central vein of the nucleus dentatus as the main venous outflow of the nucleus. The central vein of the nucleus dentatus is formed by a network of smaller vessels draining the sinuositie...

The computed tomographic (CT) findings in aggressive or invasive meningiomas have been described by several authors [1-3]. These signs include heterogeneous contrast enhancement with or without cystic components, irregular tumor margins , and marked surrounding edema. Recently , "mushrooming" has been added as an additional CT finding [4]. According to Taveras and Wood [5], the angiographic dem...

UNLABELLED Variation of anterior interventricular vein draining into the left atrium is an extremely rare occurrence. Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) coronary angiography has recently become the gold standard for depicting anatomical variations and anomalies of coronary arteries and veins. We herein have reported the case of a 36-year-old male whose anterior interventricular vein drain...

The intrinsic viscosity of dendrimers in solution shows several anomalous behaviors that have hitherto not been explained within the existing theoretical frameworks of either Zimm or Rouse. Here we propose a simple two-zone model based on the radial segmental density profile of the dendrimers and combine a non-draining core with a free-draining outer region description, to arrive at a simple fo...