Purpose. The carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) is an abnormal arteriovenous communication and its drainage pathways may affect the clinic presentation and change treatment approach. We evaluated drainage patterns of CCFs by digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and categorized drainage pathways according to their types and etiology. Materials and Methods. Venous drainage patterns of 13 CCFs from ...

A best evidence topic in cardiac surgery was written according to a structured protocol. The question addressed was 'Is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage of benefit in patients undergoing surgery on the descending thoracic aorta or thoracoabdominal aorta?' Altogether 1177 papers were found using the reported search, of which 17 represented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. The...

Thin lubrication flows accompanying drainage from curved surfaces surround us (e.g., the drainage of the tear film on our eyes). These draining aqueous layers are normally covered with surface-active molecules that render the free surface viscoelastic. The non-Newtonian character of these surfaces fundamentally alters the dynamics of drainage. We show that increased film stability during draina...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Vasospasm-related injury such as delayed ischemic neurological defect (DIND) or cerebral infarction is an important prognostic factor for aneurismal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage can achieve a better outcome in aneurismal SAH patients after coiling or clipping remains the subject of debate. Here, we report a meta-analysis of ...

Background Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the gold standard for the surgical treatment of cholelithiasis. Routine drainage after elective LC is an issue of considerable debate. Objective To evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of drainage in patients undergoing Laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Method The study was conducted at the department of surgery in Nepalgunj Medical College and Teachi...

Drainage of the inferior vena cava directly into the left atrium is a rare but well recognised anomaly of systemic venous drainage. It has been reported in isolation and in association with other cardiac defects. We report a case of anomalous drainage of the inferior vena cava into the left atrium in association with total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage of the supracardiac type, a hitherto...

Drainage, various drainage procedures and materials used for drain manufacturing date back to the very beginnings of surgery. Drainage in surgery implies surgical procedure that enables elimination of pathological effluent from operative wounds or other anatomical spaces, as well as removal of possible pathological exudates (blood, pus, enteric content, pancreatic juice, etc.). The process enco...