Introduction Abnormalities of horizontal gaze are common in strokes involving the caudal part of the pons and generally associated with motor, sensory, cerebellar and cranial nerve dysfunction. Isolated abducens nerve palsy is rare [1, 2] and due to a small lesion which affects the radicular fascicles of the 6th cranial nerve and spares the abducens nucleus [3] . Conversely, abducens nucleus le...

A 48-year-old woman presented with a unique case of isolated third and fourth ventricles associated with neurosarcoidosis, manifesting as upward gaze palsy. She had a past history of surgery for intracranial sarcoid granuloma 10 years previously and placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt 3 years later. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed isolated third and fourth ventricles. Endoscopic plast...

I read with interest the article by Gautam, et al. [1]. I agree that brainstem tuberculoma can cause nuclear gaze palsy and fascinating neuro-ophthalmological findings. However, I think further clarification regarding pathophysiological mechanism of the gaze palsy may be interesting for the readers. Particularly, two points I want to raise are: difficulty in differentiating pathological lesions...

The site of lesions responsible for horizontal gaze palsy and various types of internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) was established by identifying the common areas where the abnormal MRI signals from patients with a given ocular-motor disorder overlapped. Patients with unilateral gaze palsy had lesions in the paramedian area of the pons, including the abducens nucleus, the lateral part of the nuc...

Three cases of a stroke syndrome of acute supranuclear vertical gaze ophthalmoplegia are presented. Voluntary vertical gaze and the vertical vestibulo-ocular reflex were absent or diminished initially in all three patients. The patients also had loss of convergence and alteration in their mental status. Computed tomography scans showed lesions in the region of the rostral midbrain and lower die...

F acial nerve palsy causes lagophtalmia of the upper lid (Fig. 1). In addition to being an esthetic deformity, it may lead to recurrent keratitis, keukoma, conjunctivitis, and even blindness. In facial palsy, overaction of the levator palpebrae muscle is present. Closure of the eye and downward movement of the lid can be achieved by adding weight to the upper lid. This article describes a techn...