sufficient measurements of effective parameters with suitable temporal and spatial distributions for all phenomena are needed. however, providing the data and informations are difficult and costly. so, temporal and/or spatial downscaling is of prime importance. by downscaling, one can generate data from available ones. there are diffent downscaling methods in literature but they are not compare...

Despite the high level of symmetry between PsaA and PsaB polypeptides in Photosystem I, some amino acids pairs are strikingly different, such as PsaA-Gly693 PsaB-Trp673, which located near a cluster 11 water molecules A1A A1B quinones FX iron-sulfur cluster. In this work, we changed PsaB-Trp673 to PsaB-Phe673 Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. The variant contains ~ 85% wild-type (WT) levels I but is ...

I n this paper, we propose efficient techniques and architectures for realizing spatial-downscaling transcoders in the DCT domain. We also present methods for re-sampling motion vectors and determining coding modes. We propose a novel drift-free architecture which simplifies the cascaded DCT-domain downscaling transcoder (CDDT) by integrating the downscaling process into the DCT-domain motion c...

Kirsten R. McDonald, Neva J. Fudge, Janine P. Woodrow, James K. Friel, Ana O. Hoff, Robert F. Gagel, and Christopher S. Kovacs Faculty of Medicine Endocrinology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland A1B 3V6; Department of Biochemistry and Pediatrics, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland A1B 3X9, Canada; and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer...

1. introduction one of the six great challenges recognized by the world climate researches program (wcrp) is the prediction and the characteristics of extreme events. the outcomes of various sources indicate that the extreme climate events have significantly increased over the last decades. trend analysis of extreme temperature indicators is of crucial importance in estimating the trend of glob...

The Ca channel b subunit has been shown to reduce the magnitude of G-protein inhibition of Ca channels. However, neither the specificity of this action to different forms of G-protein inhibition nor the mechanism underlying this reduction in response is known. We have reported previously that coexpression of the Ca channel b3 subunit causes M2 muscarinic receptor-mediated inhibition of a1B Ca 2...

The cultivation of grapevines in the UK and many other cool climate regions is expected to benefit from the higher growing season temperatures predicted under future climate scenarios. Yet the effects of climate change on the risk of adverse weather conditions or events at key stages of crop development are not always captured by aggregated measures of seasonal or yearly climates, or by downsca...

The climatic changes observed in Poland are manifested by an increase air temperature, but not rainfall, which causes the water needs of plants, and hence necessity to develop irrigation systems for crops. aim this study was assess grapevines 2021–2050 Bydgoszcz region (northern Poland), area with high requirements supplementary irrigation. calculations were based on expected temperature accord...

This study implemented a coupled SWAT-FEM simulation model to evaluate the impacts of land use cover and climate change scenarios (LCS) on water resources river catchments in Chennai, India. The data were obtained by merging source from National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC) International Water Management Institute (IWMI). Climate simulations four global models (GCM), including GFDL Baseline Sce...

Increasingly, ecological modellers are integrating paleodata with future projections to understand climate-driven biodiversity dynamics from the past through the current century. Climate simulations from earth system models are necessary to this effort, but must be debiased and downscaled before they can be used by ecological models. Downscaling methods and observational baselines vary among re...