Aluminium is totally recyclable with no downgrading of its qualities, but in the process of typical conventional aluminium recycling, there are quite a number of negative impacts. The recycling of aluminium and its alloys by direct recycling method is relatively simple, consumes small amount of energy, produce small amount of waste and does not have a harmful effect on the environment. This app...

With billions of triples in the Linked Open Data cloud, which continues to grow exponentially, very challenging tasks begin to emerge related to the exploitation of large-scale reasoning. A considerable amount of work has been done in the area of using Information Retrieval methods to address these problems. However, although applied models work on Web scale, they downgrade the semantics contai...

This paper focuses on to identify the limits and insufficiencies in utilising Network Real-Time Kinematic Global Navigation Satellite Systems (NRTK GNSS) and its augmentation techniques in a precise positioning in a realtime navigation system related to visually impaired people. The purpose was to improve the positioning performance and ensure the availability of reliable and highly accurate po...

Tourism is a service-intensive industry that is characterized by a highly competitive market. The adequate utilization of personnel provides the key means of tackling two conflicting tendencies: on the one hand, the consumers’ expections of a certain level of service quality; on the other, the expense usually associated with qualified human labor. Our paper presents (1) how the quality level of...

With the advent of large networks and the demand to have uninterrupted service, computer systems need to be more robust and fault tolerant. There are numerous ways to implement fault tolerance and recovery. A central concept in all these methods is the requirement for replicated data for high data availability. We believe that a protocol must not only provide replication, but do so at low opera...

Security downgrading policies control information flow and permit information release from a high security level to low security level. Many security downgrading policies are treated as declassification. This paper extend security policies to operations than declassification , the security downgrading policies support downgrading in practical software, each downgrading step is annotated with so...

The automatic recognition of children’s speech is well known to be a challenge, and so is the influence of affect that is believed to downgrade performance of a speech recogniser. In this contribution, we investigate the combination of both phenomena. Extensive test runs are carried out for 1 k vocabulary continuous speech recognition on spontaneous motherese, emphatic, and angry children’s spe...

Colour changes, such as kiln brown stain, that develop in Pinus radiata boards during kiln drying can reduce the value of the final wood products and result in significant losses due to downgrade or waste of dried wood by removing the darkened surfaces. This study measured how colour developed in Pinus radiata sapwood boards under different drying schedules. The boards used in these experiments...

We study how government’s debt-rating considerations affect privatization policy, due to their differential effect on the government’s valuation of the monetary and social-benefit aspects of public enterprises. "Credit-market discipline" presses the government to put more weight on the monetary aspect, as this increases its creditors’ confidence in its ability to repay debt. Informational probl...

We propose a new proxy bidding mechanism to allocate courses to students given students’ reported preferences. Our mechanism is motivated by a specific strategic downgrading manipulation observed in the course allocation mechanism currently used at Harvard Business School (HBS). The proxy bidding mechanism simplifes students’ decisions by directly incorporating downgrading into the mechanism. O...