A computed tomography (CT) based treatment planning system for total body irradiation (TBI) is presented and compared with the commonly practiced lateral treatment delivery. The TBI regimen has been proved to be an essential conditional regimen for patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation. The advantage of the TBI regimen with bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in hematological malignanci...

A self-consistent monitor unit (MU) and isocenter point-dose calculation method has been developed that provides an independent verification of the MU for intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) using the MIMiC (Nomos Corporation) multileaf collimator. The method takes into account two unique features of IMRT using the MIMiC: namely the gantry-dynamic arc delivery of intensity modulated photon ...

OBJECTIVE To estimate the relationship between maternal methadone dose and the incidence of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). STUDY DESIGN We performed a retrospective cohort study of pregnant women treated with methadone for opiate addiction who delivered live-born neonates between 1996 and 2006. Four dose groups, on the basis of total daily methadone dose, were compared (<or=80 mg/d, 81-1...

abstract background: in vivo measurements of applied dose during radiotherapy treatment, is important to ensure accurate dose delivery to patients. uncertainty in dose delivery should fall within ±5% of the prescribed dose as recommended by icru. assessment of dose for radiotherapy applications performed with various types of detectors. in this study, semiconductor diodes were used which have s...

PURPOSE Due to multiple Coulomb scattering in complex geometries, small field dosimetry in proton therapy is challenging. Our goal was to define an indicator for the accuracy of dose delivery based on analytical dose calculations in treatment planning systems for small (e.g. radiosurgery) proton therapy fields. METHODS Seven patients whose treatment involved one or more small fields (below ∼3...

Large area, shallow fields are well suited to proton therapy. However, due to beam production limitations, such volumes typically require multiple matched fields. This is problematic due to the relatively narrow beam penumbra at shallow depths compared to electron and photon beams. Therefore, highly accurate dose planning and delivery is required. As the dose delivery includes shifting the pati...

Approximately 40% of new chemical entities exhibit poor aqueous solubility and present a major challenge to modern drug delivery system, because of their low bioavailability. Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) are usually used to improve the bioavailability of hydrophobic drugs. Conventional SEDDS, however, are mostly prepared in a liquid form, which can produce some disadvantages. ...

In addition to inducing lethal DNA damage in tumor and stromal cells, radiation can alter the interactions of tumor cells with their microenvironment. Recent technological advances in planning and delivery of external beam radiotherapy have allowed delivery of larger doses per fraction (hypofractionation) while minimizing dose to normal tissues with higher precision. The effects of radiation on...

Background: To evaluate the dosimetric difference between conventional and three-dimensional conformal Radiotherapy (3D-CRT) using 6 and 18 MV X-ray photons. Materials and Methods: Computed tomography scans of 26 pelvic patients were acquired and transferred to the 3D treatment planning system. For each patient, 8 Conventional plans (3, 4, 5 and 6 Fields) and one 3D-CRT plan were prep...

RapidArc radiotherapy technology from Varian Medical Systems is one of the most complex delivery systems currently available, and achieves an entire intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) treatment in a single gantry rotation about the patient. Three dynamic parameters can be continuously varied to create IMRT dose distributions-the speed of rotation, beam shaping aperture and delivery do...