discussion while this novel type of drug delivery is known as a suitable substitute for oral and parenteral administration, it was well accepted and extensively mentioned in persian medical and pharmaceutical manuscripts and other traditional systems of medicine as well. accordingly, medieval pharmaceutical standpoints on nasal dosage forms could still be an interesting subject of study. theref...

the pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin following its single intramuscular administration (3 mg/kg) was investigated in six male buffalo calves. peak plasma level of 2.95 ± 0.13μg/ml was observed at 1 h and the drug level above mic90  in plasma was detected up to 12 h of administration. the bioavailability was 68.1 ± 5.4% and levofloxacin was bound to the plasma proteins to the extent of 19.1 ± 1....

The insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2) is a major insulin signalling molecule. IRS-2 inactivation in mice induces a form of diabetes characterized by peripheral insulin resistance and reduced beta cell mass. We tested the hypothesis that a common non-conservative amino acid substitution of IRS-2 (G1057D) might interact with overweight in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. The variant was ge...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare multiple daily injection (MDI) therapy of bolus insulin aspart and basal insulin glargine with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) with aspart in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It was assessed whether MDI was capable of controlling glycemic index with a higher efficacy than CSII by preferential adjustment of basal...

Vinblastine is an antimitotic plant alkaloid with an elimination half-life of about 24 h. The cytotoxicity of vinblastine against solid tumor cell lines in vitro is markedly increased with prolonged exposure. Therefore, 24 patients with advanced malignancy were treated with a prolonged continuous i.v. infusion of vinblastine given via an implantable pump. The patients received vinblastine for a...

The current review of the Therapeutic Goods Administration is an opportunity to improve the system for updating product and consumer information on drugs harmaceutical product information (PI) and consumer medicines information (CMI) are mandatory for prescription products in Australia, and government regulations specify that CMI must be consistent with PI. 1 Health professionals and consumers ...

BACKGROUND To our knowledge, this study provides the first national estimates for use of practitioner-based complementary treatments by US residents reporting mental conditions. METHODS A total of 16038 respondents to the 1996 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey were asked about visits for 12 complementary medical services (eg, chiropractic services and herbal remedies). Bivariate and multiple r...

Objective: to analyse 24 parkinsonian patients successfully treated by bilateral STN stimulation for the presence of behavioural disorders. Method: patients were evaluated retrospectively for adjustment disorders (social adjustment scale, SAS), psychiatric disorders (comparison of the results of psychiatric interview and the mini international neuropsychiatric inventory) and personality changes...

OBJECTIVE to analyse 24 parkinsonian patients successfully treated by bilateral STN stimulation for the presence of behavioural disorders. METHOD patients were evaluated retrospectively for adjustment disorders (social adjustment scale, SAS), psychiatric disorders (comparison of the results of psychiatric interview and the mini international neuropsychiatric inventory) and personality changes...

BACKGROUND Dose adjustments of antimicrobial drugs are necessary in renal failure. One method of dose adjustment is to reduce the dose and the other is to prolong the administration interval in proportion to the reduced drug clearance. Pharmacokinetically, both methods involve an identical drug exposure but pharmacodynamically there may be differences. It is not known which dose adjustment meth...