the systemic complications of blood donation are the first reasons why patients fail to return for further blood donation. this study was designed to determine the frequency of these complications and their associated risk factors among blood donors in tehran. also, we aimed to provide suitable methods to decrease the frequency of these adverse events, thereby eliminating the most important cau...

evaluation of trends in the rate of infectious diseases of blood donors is essential for monitoring safety of blood supply and effective screening of donors. transfusion records of blood donors who attended the center between 2002 and 2005 were reviewed for positive cases of hbs (by elisa), hiv (by western blot) and hcv (by elisa). during 2002–05, 507,531 persons donated blood. the prevalence r...

We describe a method of determining the distribution function associated with acceptors partaking in Forster resonance ̈ Ž . energy transfer FRET from excited donors. Unlike previous approaches to this problem the method described makes no a priori assumption about the nature of the distribution. The use of an acceptor distribution function in analyte sensing is demonstrated for the first time. ...

With the change in donors’ priorities since the end of the Cold War in the late 1980s, there has been a decline in annual aid inflows to Pacific island countries (PICs), which have been among the world’s top recipients of aid per capita in the past. Along with fall in aid inflows, growing annual domestic budgetary deficits in recent years have forced some PICs to finance them through borrowing....

— Neoclassical economic theories of violent conflict have proliferated in recent years and, with their application to contemporary wars, have influenced donors and policy makers. This paper reviews the intellectual foundations and empirical substance of such theories and offers a critique drawing on a political economy perspective. There are strong grounds for arguing that orthodox economic the...

In resource-poor countries, substantial sums of money from governments and international donors are used to purchase equipment for health facilities. WHO estimates that 50—80% of such equipment remains non-functional. This article is based on experience from various projects in developing countries in Asia and Africa. The key issues in the purchase, distribution, installation, management and ma...

Bu çalışma, insan hakları, çocuk hakları ve eğitimine ilişkin İngilizce konuşulan akademik dünyada yaygın kabul gören perspektiflerin bir derlemesini yaparak, Türkçe alan yazına katkıda bulunmayı amaçlamaktadır. amaçla, belli argüman etrafında tartışma yapmaktan ziyade, kavramsal teorik netleştirme sunulmaktadır. Çalışmanın ilk bölümünde öncelikle kavramının ayırt edici özellikleri tanıtılmakta...

Entrepreneurs who start new firms may choose not-for-profit status as a means of committing to soft incentives. Such incentives protect donors, volunteers, consumers and employees from ex post expropriation of profits by the entrepreneur. We derive conditions under which completely self-interested entrepreneurs opt for not-for-profit status, despite the fact that this status limits their abilit...

Ultrafast optical pulses and coherent techniques are used to create spin entangled states of non-interacting electrons bound to donors in a CdTe quantum well. Our method, relying on the exchange interaction between optically excited holes and the impurities, can in principle, be applied to entangle a large number of spins. Results are presented for resonant excitation of localized excitons belo...