Reverse electrodialysis is a promising membrane technology to generate energy from controlled mixing of water streams different salinities. Electrical potentials on the ion exchange membranes (IEMs) when selective transport cations and anions across driven by concentration difference. The accurate determination developed IEMs critical fairly assess feasibility technology. Nernst–Planck–Poisson ...

The reactive transport framework ORCHESTRA was used to implement a dual porosity system that accounts for mechanical processes relevant confined swelling clays at full saturation. new implementations are based on water retention data generated by molecular dynamics simulations, and fundamental formulations. code predicts fully couples porewater chemistry, exchanger population, diffusive transpo...

Fouling of membrane surfaces by particulate matter and large organic molecules is relatively common for pressure-driven membrane processes, namely, reverse osmosis (RO), nanofiltration (NF), and ultrafiltration (UF). Donnan membrane process (DMP) or Donnan Dialysis is driven by electrochemical potential gradient across a semipermeable ion exchange membrane. Theoretically, DMP is not susceptible...

Humic substances (HSs) are ubiquitous in various aquatic systems and play important roles in many geochemical processes. There is increasing evidence of the presence of HSs in deep groundwater; nevertheless, their ion binding properties are largely unknown. In this study we investigated the physicochemical and ion-binding properties of humic and fulvic acids extracted from deep sedimentary grou...