Failure mode characterization was applied to coplanar transmission lines by utilizing 0.5–10-GHz S-parameter measurements and post-calculated TDR (Time-Domain-Reflectometry) analysis. Coplanar waveguide transmission lines were inkjet-printed on 1.0-mmthick flexible plastic RF substrates. Inductive, resistive, and capacitive types of failures — as the main failure modes caused by manufacturing, ...

This article deals with the possibility of employing phase sensitive OTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflectometry) into fibers with active data transmission DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplex). Due to the low backscattered signal of phase sensitive OTDR is required to generate pulses with a high intensity and short time duration. These high power pulses can cause degradation of the data trans...

We propose a high-resolution optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR) based on an all-fiber supercontinuum source. The source simply consists of a laser with moderate power and a section of fiber which has a zero dispersion wavelength near the laser’s central wavelength. Spectrum and time domain properties of the source are investigated, showing that the source has great capability in nonlinear...

Time-domain reflectometry (TDR) is an electromagnetic technique for measurements of water and solute transport in soils. The relationship between the TDR-measured dielectric constant (Ka) and bulk soil electrical conductivity (cra) to water content (8W) and solute concentration is difficult to describe physically due to the complex dielectric response of wet soil. This has led to the developmen...

The quantity of liquid water in the snowpack defines its wetness. The temporal evolution of snow wetness's plays a significant role in wet-snow avalanche prediction, meltwater release, and water availability estimations and assessments within a river basin. However, it remains a difficult task and a demanding issue to measure the snowpack's liquid water content (LWC) and its temporal evolution ...

Damage in composite materials occurs at multiple scales, from matrix cracking and fiber/matrix debonding to ply delamination, and is complicated due to the different failure mechanisms interacting with the composite microstructure. Recent progress in the development of advanced techniques for structural health monitoring (SHM) has been aimed at techniques capable of sensing damage in situ and i...

The geostatistical properties of soil moisture patterns from five different sites in Australia (Tarrawarra and Point Nepean) and New Zealand (three sites from the Mahurangi River Basin—Carran’s, Clayden’s and Satellite Station) are analysed here. The soil moisture data were collected using time domain reflectometry and consistent methods for all sites, thereby allowing comparisons to be drawn b...

This method describes methods that utilize TDR measurements of multiple, unterminated test lines that are designed to differ only in length. A TDR signal, usually a step waveform1, is injected into a transmission line or lines and the reflection response is measured some time later. This method shows how tD is determined as the difference between the time it takes a TDR pulse to reflect from th...