Branching space-times (BST) theory, as developed elsewhere, permits a sound and rigorously definable notion of ‘originating cause’ or causa causans—a type of transition event—of an outcome event. Mackie has famously suggested that causes form a family of ‘inus’ conditions, where an inus condition is ‘an insufficient but non-redundant part of an unnecessary but sufficient condition’. In this ess...

Unitary random matrix ensembles Z n,N (detM) α exp(−N TrV (M)) dM defined on positive definite matrices M , where α > −1 and V is real analytic, have a hard edge at 0. The equilibrium measure associated with V typically vanishes like a square root at soft edges of the spectrum. For the case that the equilibrium measure vanishes like a square root at 0, we determine the scaling limits of the eig...

II. THE TROUBLE WITH AI ............................................................... 358 A. What Is AI? ............................................................................... 359 B. The Problematic Characteristics of AI .................................... 362 1. Autonomy, Foreseeability, and Causation ............................ 363 2. Control ........................................

This paper asks why Argentina slipped into a deep crisis with its currency board (CB) arrangement though this regime had received so much academic support as a stabilisation device. It is argued that a CB does not make devaluation risks disappear but translates them into an explosive, strongly pro-cyclical mixture of exchange rate, financial system and default risk which might trap a country in...

Two main contrasting approaches are used in the entrepreneurship literature to explain how new ventures strategize: causal/planned strategies and effectual/emergent strategies. In this study, we explore the use of these strategies within micro and small firms. Our results show that larger companies typically used more planned strategies while simultaneously relying on effectual mechanisms. We o...

Because causal relations are neither observable nor deducible, they must be induced from observable events. The 2 dominant approaches to the psychology of causal induction—the covariation approach and the causal power approach—are each crippled by fundamental problems. This article proposes an integration of these approaches thai overcomes these problems. The proposal is that reasoners innately...

JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. International Phenomenological Society is collaborating wi...

This paper shows how to construct a Markovian arrival process of second order from information on the marginal distribution and on its autocorrelation function. More precisely, closed-form explicit expressions for the MAP(2) rate matrices are given in terms of the first three marginal moments and one parameter that characterizes the behavior of the autocorrelation function. Besides the permissi...

Despite difficulties associated with the law of causation, it could be much clearer than it is. The aim of this paper is to present a framework which provides an acceptable explanation of, and justification for, the pattern of the cases and the statutory provisions. The discussion is intended to cover the criminal law of Australia, Canada, England and New Zealand.