CD4(-) CD8(-) (double-negative [DN]) T cells have recently been shown to display important immunological functions in human diseases. They express γδ or αβ T-cell receptors that recognize lipid/glycolipid antigens presented via the nonclassical major histocompatibility complex molecules of the CD1 family. We recently demonstrated that while αβ DN T cells serve primarily to express inflammatory ...

BACKGROUND Renal diseases in diabetes include diabetic nephropathies (DN) and non-diabetic renal diseases (NDRD). The clinical differentiation between these two categories is usually not so clear and effective. This study aims to develop a quantified differential diagnostic model. METHODS We consecutively screened the diabetic patients with overt proteinuria but no severe renal failure for ki...

The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery controls the incorporation of cargo into intraluminal vesicles of multivesicular bodies. This machinery is used during envelopment of many RNA viruses and some DNA viruses, including herpes simplex virus type 1. Other viruses mature independent of ESCRT components, instead relying on the intrinsic behavior of viral matrix an...

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a health problem affecting millions of individuals worldwide. Diabetic nephropathy (DN), as a significant complication of DM, has become the most common cause of endstage renal failure. Oxidative stress constitutes the key and common events in the pathogenesis of DN and antioxidants may play a beneficial role in its prevention. This study was conducted to investigate t...

Background and aims: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common cause of end-stage renal failure which could increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and morbidity and mortality in patients. The aim of this study was to investigate new modalities for treatment of diabetic nephropathy. Methods:This study was a mini-review research to investigate drugs that are used for DN treatment. Resul...

Let DN be the linear space spanned by the ej for j ≤ N then if the orthogonal decomposition H = DN ⊕D⊥ N gives u = u′ + u′′ and the distance d(u,DN ) = ‖u′′‖ so the finite dimensional approximation property follows from (2). Conversely, suppose that K is closed and bounded and has the FDAP. By the assumed boundedness, any sequence in K has a weakly convergent subsequence. Denote such a sequence...

From numerical experiments, D. E. Knuth conjectured that 0 < Dn+4 < Dn for a combinatorial sequence (Dn) defined as the difference Dn = Rn − Ln of two definite hypergeometric sums. The conjecture implies an identity of type Ln = bRnc, involving the floor function. We prove Knuth’s conjecture by applying Zeilberger’s algorithm as well as classical hypergeometric machinery.

Foxp3 expression is a marker of regulatory T cells (Treg), but how early it is expressed in the thymus is still not fully defined. In this study, we examined Foxp3 expression in double-negative (DN) CD4(-)CD8(-) T cell precursors in the thymus by flow cytometry. By increasing the number of collected cells from the conventional 10(4) cells up to more than 10(6) cells during flow cytometry, we fo...

We previously reported that extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), belonging to mitogen-activated protein kinases, are rapidly activated in balloon-injured artery. Therefore, we examined the role of these kinase activations in neointimal formation by using an in vivo gene transfer technique. We made the dominant-negative mutants of ERK (DN-ERK) and JNK ...