Free radicals (FRs) generation is an unavoidable consequence of the life in an oxygen-rich atmosphere. FRs can be considered a double-edged sword. Beneficial effects of FRs occur at moderate concentrations and involve physiological roles in cellular responses to noxia, as in defense against infectious agents, in the function of a number of cellular signaling pathways and the induction of a mito...

tion database for the barley accessions is vital to increasing the utility of the collection in choosing parents for Cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare L.) accessions germplasm enhancement, in genetic diversity assessfrom the USDA-ARS National Small Grains Collection (NSGC) have been tested systematically for the past 20 yr for disease and insect ments, and as baseline data for g...

API ZYM and API An-Ident enzymatic substrate tests were done on six oral species which are difficult to characterize with conventional biochemical tests. "Bacteroides forsythus, the "fusiform" Bacteroides species (A. C. R. Tanner, M. A. Listgarten, M. N. Strzempko, and J. L. Ebersole, manuscript in preparation), is difficult to cultivate in broth media, yet it gave 15 positive tests in these se...

A damage rating scale for wheat and barley seedlings was developed by Webster et al. (1991) based on visual The Russian wheat aphid (RWA), Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), rating of leaf chlorosis, leaf streaking, and leaf spotting. has become a major pest of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in the This visual rating was on a scale of 1 to 9 (1 no western USA. STARS-9577B (PI 591617), a six-rowed, sprin...

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS, e.g. nitric oxide, NO(*)) are well recognised for playing a dual role as both deleterious and beneficial species. ROS and RNS are normally generated by tightly regulated enzymes, such as NO synthase (NOS) and NAD(P)H oxidase isoforms, respectively. Overproduction of ROS (arising either from mitochondrial electron-transport chain ...

Periodontitis is a microbial-induced, chronic inflammatory disease that affects tissue and bone anchoring the teeth, and can ultimately lead to tooth loss. In addition, periodontitis may contribute to systemic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and inflammatory bowel diseases. The pathogenesis of periodontitis is complex and involves bacterial p...