Disturbance regimes are changing rapidly, and the consequences of such changes for ecosystems and linked social-ecological systems will be profound. This paper synthesizes current understanding of disturbance with an emphasis on fundamental contributions to contemporary landscape and ecosystem ecology, then identifies future research priorities. Studies of disturbance led to insights about hete...

In this paper, we consider performance output tracking for a boundary controlled one-dimensional wave equation with possibly unknown internal nonlinear uncertainty and external disturbance. We first show that the open-loop system is well-posed and then propose a disturbance estimator. It is shown that the disturbance estimator can estimate successfully the total disturbance that consists of int...

This paper investigates the tracking control of a wheeled mobile robot in the unknown environment. A disturbance observer is developed with utilization the integral filter. The proposed control scheme employs the disturbance observer control approach to design an auxiliary wheel velocity controller to make the tracking errors, which includes the velocity tracking error, the angular velocity tra...

To provide more insights into the responses of the soil seed bank and vegetation to human disturbance intensity, we selected four land use types, including: native grassland (no human disturbance), abandoned artificial grassland (light human disturbance), artificial grassland (moderate human disturbance), and farmland (severe human disturbance) in a semi-arid climate of northern China. The spec...

Although species richness has been hypothesized to be highest at 'intermediate' levels of disturbance, empirical studies have demonstrated that the disturbance-diversity relationship can be either negative or positive depending on productivity On the other hand, hypothesized productivity diversity relationships can be positive, negative or unimodal, as confirmed by empirical studies. However, i...

Sleep plays a vital role in regulating physiological mechanisms in the human body. Nowadays, by the change of lifestyle and as a consequence of longer work hours and increased accessibility to media, sleep disturbance becomes a common problem in modern society. Many studies demonstrated that sleep disturbance triggers a systemic low-grade inflammation by increasing the level of several cytokine...

background: recently, we introduced solar related geomagnetic disturbances (gmd) as a potential environmental risk factor for multiple sclerosis (ms). the aim of this study was to test probable correlation between solar activities and gmd with long-term variations of ms incidence. methods: after a systematic review, we studied the association betwee n alterations in the solar wind velocity (vsw...