We describe an unusual tramatic fracture/distraction injury of the craniovertebral junction, which the patient survived. It is postulated that this represents an example of the spectrum of fracture dislocation injuries that may occur at, and adjacent to, the atlantooccipital joints. Avulsion fractures in this region , associated with atlantooccipital dislocation, may be more common than previou...

Learning Objectives: After studying this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Review the biomechanical principles and pertinent cellular and molecular biology of distraction osteogenesis of the craniofacial skeleton. 2. Describe the clinical indications and applications of distraction osteogenesis of the craniofacial skeleton. 3. Describe maxillary, mandibular, midface, and calvarial ...

Distraction osteogenesis is a novel method for neo-tissue generation which involves development of both hard and soft tissue under applied force in certain direction. The major advantage of this procedure is diminishing reliability on grafting for reconstruction hence lack of donor site morbidity. Myriad of applications of distraction osteogenesis are present in maxillofacial surgery field whic...

Theoretical conceptualizations of distraction as an inhibitor of fear reduction during exposure were tested among 60 subjects with marked animal fears. Subjects underwent high or low intensity in vivo exposure in the presence of highly affective slides (high distraction), neutral slides (low distraction), or no slides. Self-reported attention did not differ between the high and low distraction ...

Driver cognitive distraction is a hazard state, which can easily lead to traffic accidents. This study focuses on detecting the driver cognitive distraction state based on driving performance measures. Characteristic parameters could be directly extracted from Controller Area NetworkCANBus data, without depending on other sensors, which improves real-time and robustness performance. Three cogni...

OBJECTIVE This single-subject design study evaluated the feasibility and efficacy of passive and interactive videogame distraction on behavioral distress for a preschool-aged child receiving repeated burn dressing changes. METHOD A 4-year-old girl underwent 3 baseline and 10 videogame distraction sessions (5 passive and 5 interactive) using a restricted alternating treatments design. Observed...

This commentary is a review of the findings and ideas reported in the preceding nine articles on the effects of distraction on aspects of cognitive performance. The articles themselves deal with the disruptive effects of distraction on recall of words, objects and events, also on visual processing, category formation and other cognitive tasks. The commentary assesses the part played by "domain-...

Twenty years have passed since distraction osteogenesis was introduced into the field of craniomaxillofacial surgery, with distraction osteogenesis gradually consolidating its position for midface advancement in syndromic craniosynostosis. On the other hand, no consensus has been reached regarding its adaptation to calvarial bone. We reported that distraction osteogenesis was useful in posterio...

Limb lengthening by callus distraction is commonly performed with the use of external fixation. Lengthening is routinely performed by the patient through small increments throughout the course of a day. Ilizarov has shown that both the rate and frequency of distraction are important factors in the quality of osteogenesis. We report the effect of motorized high frequency distraction for tibial l...