Abstract Clean water is a necessity, yet it scarce due to the increase in demand. Desalination most reliable way of getting clean water. The commonest desalination process used and suitable rural areas solar still distillation. Although faces low production requires enhancements alongside quality checks. This study aims develop an improved system with quantity quality. was achieved by introduci...

The reactions to produce liquid biofuels from a palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) under hydrogen absence were carried out using 10 wt% NiO/zeolite (Ni/Zeo), Co3O4/zeolite (Co/Zeo), and (NiO + Co3O4)/zeolite (NiCo/Zeo) as catalysts. zeolite was synthesized by thermal chemical treatment natural clay, obtaining A sodalite mixture. Catalytic activity evaluated function of reaction temperature (250,...

The article presents the results of electromagnetic activation petroleum raw materials in vortex layer apparatus. It is shown that under influence, there a significant increase proportion straight-run gasoline fraction distillate, as well change physicochemical parameters light fractions obtained. established processes wave action on oil, which take place zone field, lead to group hydrocarbon c...

In the current research work, effect of microwave irradiation energy on the esterification of palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) to produce PFAD methyl ester / biodiesel was intensively appraised. The PFAD is a by-product from refinery of crude palm oil consisting >85% of free fatty acid (FFA). The esterification reaction process with acid catalyst is needed to convert the FFA into fatty acid me...