the index is excellent by the malmquist index as extended to productivity measurement. the index developed here is defined in terms of input cost rather than input quantity distance functions in supply chain. therefore, we propose productivity change is decomposed into overall efficiency and cost technical change. these decompositions provide a clearer situation of the root sources of supply ch...

Autonomous navigation of mobile robot requires a ranging system for measurement of distance to environmental objects. It is obvious that the wider and the faster distance measurement gives a mobile robot more freedom in trajectory planning and control. The active omni-directional ranging system proposed in this paper is capable of obtaining the distance for all 3600 directions in real-time beca...

Distance estimation identifies the distance between two machines in wireless network. The Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) of Bluetooth can be used to estimate distance between smart devices. The characteristic of Bluetooth RSSI value is different as environments. So, we have tested the relation between distance and Bluetooth RSSI value in several environments, such as indoor hall, me...

The purpose of this paper is to present an innovative method to record traffic accidents by using small remote-controlled robots as the distance-measuring devices. Bluetooth wireless modules are also combined for remote control and data communication. Unlike traditional methods using a ruler or measuring tape as a distance-measuring device, this technological development allows remote-controlle...

A single-webcam distance measurement technique for indoor robot localization is proposed in this paper. The proposed localization technique uses webcams that are available in an existing surveillance environment. The developed image-based distance measurement system (IBDMS) and parallel lines distance measurement system (PLDMS) have two merits. Firstly, only one webcam is required for estimatin...

Time-of-flight laser radar devices utilizing a single heterostructure semiconductor laser diode as a light source have a measurement spot diameter from a few millimetres to several centimetres depending on the optics and the required optical output power. Inhomogeneities in the reflectivity and surface profile of a target inside the area illuminated by the laser beam can be a source of error in...

A prototype laser distance interferometer is demonstrated by incorporating the frequency comb of a femtosecond laser for mass-production of optoelectronic devices such as flat panel displays and solar cell devices. This comb-referenced interferometer uses four different wavelengths simultaneously to enable absolute distance measurement with the capability of comprehensive evaluation of the meas...

Interferometric measurement of distance using a femtosecond frequency comb is demonstrated and compared with a counting interferometer displacement measurement. A numerical model of pulse propagation in air is developed and the results are compared with experimental data for short distances. The relative agreement for distance measurement in known laboratory conditions is better than 10(-7). Ac...

This study aimed to establish a 3-dimensional dynamic quantitative facial motion analysis system, and then determine its accuracy and test-retest reliability. The system could automatically reconstruct the motion of the observational points. Standardized T-shaped rod and L-shaped rods were used to evaluate the static and dynamic accuracy of the system. Nineteen healthy volunteers were recruited...

The adults of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L, are known to have been transoceanic migrants in Europe since ancient times. The insect, which has its origin in Asia Minor, spread to other parts of the world with the spread of the cultivation of its host, the crucifers, and by using its own migrational abilities over long distances. Several large scale transoceanic migrations have been re...