The photodynamic inactivation of the membrane functions of bacteria was analyzed in situ, using K(+) and tetraphenylphosphonium (TPP(+)) electrodes, as well as an oxygen electrode. Tetrakis(4-N-trimethylaminophenyl)porphine (TTMAPP) and rose bengal were used, since both dyes act strongly on bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus. After a short time lag, they inhibited the respiration of bacter...

A semiempirical method for predicting the damping efficiency of hysteresis rods on-board small satellites is presented. It is based on the evaluation of dissipating energy variation of different ferromagnetic materials for two different rod shapes: thin film and circular cross-section rods, as a function of their elongation. Based on this formulation, an optimum design considering the size of h...

A 1.2 V, 0.61 mA bias current, low noise amplifier (LNA) suitable for low-power applications in the 2.4 GHz band is presented. Circuit has been implemented, laid out and simulated using a UMC 130 nm RF-CMOS process. The amplifier provides a 13.3 dB power gain a noise figure NF< 2.28 dB and a 1-dB compression point of −15.69 dBm, while dissipating 0.74 mW. Such performance make this design suita...

We study heat conduction in one-dimensional granular gases. In particular, we consider two mechanisms of viscous dissipation during intergrain collisions. In one, the dissipative force is proportional to the grain's velocity and dissipates not only energy but also momentum. In the other, the dissipative force is proportional to the relative velocity of the grains and therefore conserves momentu...

Coupled mitochondria of brown adipose tissue can accumulate Ca2+ if a substrate is present. The Ca2+ is released by addition of 20 mM Na+, but not by addition of K+ or choline +. Energy-dissipating Na+-induced Ca2+ cycling occurs maximally with 20 mM Na+ and 10 microM Ca2+. In brown adipocytes, the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 and the Na+ ionophore monensin increase respiration if substrate is added, ...

A new smart-sensor VLSI circuit intended for focal-plane processing of grey-scale images is presented. The architecture is based on a fine-grain software-programmable SIMD array. Processing elements, integrated within each pixel of the imager, are implemented utilising a switched-current analogue microprocessor concept. In a 0.6μm CMOS process the cell size is equal to 98.6μm×98.6μm. A prototyp...

INTRODUCTION The Sextupole lens and its followed modifications described in [1]-[3]. Due to peculiarity of design it was possible to modify the poles of Sextupole with minor efforts. The coils remain the same as in original design. The sextupole coil has 160 turns/coil, which delivers 1.6 kA-turns for 10A feeding current. The Dipole corrector coil has 270 turns each and was run up to 20A pick c...

Heat stress in laying hens is prompted by combinations of environmental temperature and humidity that prevent the bird’s thermoregulatory process from effectively dissipating the heat produced during metabolism [32]. High environmental temperature is the major problem faced by laying hens as well as poultry farmers usually in summer months. The ideal temperature for laying hens is about 20°C [2...

In this work, a new ring voltage controlled oscillator with a two cross coupled load PMOS transistors is proposed. The proposed method preserves the maximum frequency of the VCO unaffected which leads to improvement in phase noise and the power consumption of VCO oscillators. The proposed ring oscillator implemented in 0.18μm CMOS shows the worse phase noise of -108 dBc/Hz at 10MHz offset, tuni...

It is generally accepted, following Landauer and Bennett, that the process of measurement involves no minimum entropy cost, but the erasure of information in resetting the memory register of a computer to zero requires dissipating heat into the environment. This thesis has been challenged recently in a two-part article by Earman and Norton. I review some relevant observations in the thermodynam...